Chalcogenide Nanophotonics

Chapter 1: Introduction

• • 1.1 Definition of Chalcogenide Semiconductors
• • 1.1.1 Basic Definition of Chalcogenide Semiconductors
• • 1.1.2 Classification of Chalcogenides
• • 1.2 Basic Properties of Chalcogenide Semiconductors
• • 1.2.1 Chemical Properties
• • 1.2.2 Physical Properties
• • 1.2.3 Optical Properties
• • 1.2.4 Optical Force
• • 1.3 Application of Chalcogenide Semiconductors
• • 1.3.1 Optical Communication
• • 1.3.2 Optical Storage
• • 1.3.3 Sensing Technology
• • 1.3.4 Other Applications
• • 1.4 Research Progress of Chalcogenide Semiconductors

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Chalcogenide Semiconductors

• • 2.1 Theory of Electronic Band Structure
• • 2.1.1 Band Theory
• • 2.1.1.1 Free Electron Gas Model
• • 2.1.1.2 Bloch’s Theorem
• • 2.1.2 Nearly-free Electron Model
• • 2.1.2.1 Degenerate Perturbation Theory
• • 2.1.2.2 k Not Quite on a Zone Boundary
• • 2.1.3 Tight-binding Model in One Dimension
• • 2.1.4 Nanoelectronics: Superlattices and Heterostructures
• • 2.2 Basic Material Properties
• • 2.2.1 Structure Properties
• • 2.2.1.1 Crystallinity and Phase Structure
• • 2.2.1.2 Surface Morphology and Roughness
• • 2.2.1.3 Phase Composition and Structural Units
• • 2.2.1.4 Structural Stability and Environmental Durability
• • 2.2.2 Electrical Properties
• • 2.2.2.1 Density of States
• • 2.2.2.2 Temperature Dependence of the d.c. Conductivity
• • 2.2.2.3 Drift Mobility and Photoconduction
• • 2.2.3 Optical Absorption
• • 2.2.4 Other Measurements
• • 2.2.4.1 Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat
• • 2.2.4.2 Photoemission and Density of States
• • 2.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Chalcogenide Film
• • 2.3.1 Synthesis of Chalcogenide Film
• • 2.3.1.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition
• • 2.3.1.2 Thermal Evaporation
• • 2.3.1.3 Pulsed Laser Deposition
• • 2.3.1.4 Sputtering
• • 2.3.2 Structural and Compositional Characterization
• • 2.3.2.1 Structural Characterization
• • 2.3.2.2 Component Characterization
• • 2.3.2.3 Optical Characterization
• • 2.3.2.4 Other Photon-detecting Techniques

Chapter 3: Growth of Chalcogenide Films: Mechanisms and Strategies

• • 3.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition
• • 3.1.1 Principle and Process
• • 3.1.2 Applications in Chalcogenide Films
• • 3.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
• • 3.2 Thermal Evaporation
• • 3.2.1 Principle and Process
• • 3.3 Vacuum Chamber
• • 3.4 Pumping System
• • 3.5 Substrate
• • 3.6 Source
• • 3.7 Filament
• • 3.8 Voltage Supply
• • 3.9 Quartz Crystal
• • 3.9.1 Applications in Chalcogenide Films
• • 3.9.2 Advantages and Disadvantages
• • 3.10 Pulsed Laser Deposition
• • 3.10.1 Principle and Process
• • 3.10.1.1 Laser Beam
• • 3.10.1.2 Focusing Lens
• • 3.10.1.3 Rotor
• • 3.10.1.4 Source and Substrate
• • 3.10.1.5 Pumping System
• • 3.10.2 Applications in Chalcogenide Films
• • 3.10.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
• • 3.11 Sputtering
• • 3.11.1 Principle and Process
• • 3.11.1.1 Vacuum Chamber
• • 3.11.1.2 Substrate and Cathode
• • 3.11.1.3 Reactive Gas
• • 3.11.1.4 Magnets
• • 3.11.1.5 RF Generator
• • 3.11.2 Applications in Chalcogenide Films
• • 3.11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

Chapter 4: Optical Properties

• • 4.1 Macroscopic Electrodynamics
• • 4.1.1 Overview of Electrodynamics in Chalcogenides
• • 4.1.2 Application of DFT in the Field of Chalcogenides
• • 4.2 The Dielectric Function
• • 4.2.1 Measurement Techniques: Ellipsometry and Reflectance
• • 4.2.2 Spectroscopic Ellipsometry for Dielectric Function Analysis
• • 4.2.3 Optical Bandgap of Chalcogenide Semiconductors
• • 4.3 Raman Spectroscopies
• • 4.3.1 Principles of Raman Scattering
• • 4.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy in Chalcogenide Semiconductors
• • 4.3.3 Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Nanophotonics
• • 4.4 Emission Spectroscopies
• • 4.4.1 Optical Emission Mechanisms in Chalcogenides
• • 4.4.2 Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence
• • 4.4.3 Quantum Efficiency
• • 4.5 Light Scattering Spectroscopies
• • 4.5.1 Light Scattering Principles and Techniques
• • 4.5.2 Application of Light Scattering in Chalcogenide Nanomaterials

Chapter 5: Chalcogenide Compounds for Optical Communications

• • 5.1 Introduction
• • 5.2 Optical Characters of Chalcogenide Glasses
• • 5.2.1 Linear Refractive Index
• • 5.2.2 Infrared Transmission Characteristics
• • 5.2.3 Photosensitivity Characteristics
• • 5.2.4 Nonlinear Characteristic
• • 5.3 Preparation Process of Sulfur System Glass Fiber
• • 5.3.1 Purification of the Sulfur-series Glass Material
• • 5.3.2 Several Methods for the Preparation of Sulfur Glass Fiber
• • 5.4 Application
• • 5.4.1 Sensing
• • 5.4.2 Nonlinear Effects and All-light Treatment

Chapter 6: Integrated Optics and On-Chip Photonic Devices of Sulfide Compounds

• • 6.1 Introduction
• • 6.2 Chalcogenide Photonic Memory
• • 6.2.1 Design of Chalcogenide-Based Photonic Memory
• • 6.2.2 Design of Photon Memory Based on Sulfide Compounds
• • 6.2.3 Practical Application Cases
• • 6.3 Chalcogenide Color Pixels and Displays
• • 6.3.1 Working Principle of Color Pixel Display
• • 6.3.2 Practical Application Cases
• • 6.4 Chalcogenide Waveguide
• • 6.4.1 Theoretical Basis for the Characteristics of Chalcogenides and Waveguides
• • 6.4.2 Application of Chalcogenides in Waveguides
• • 6.5 Discussion

Chapter 7: Chalcogenide Photonic Crystals

• • 7.1 Introduction
• • 7.2 Chalcogenide PC Platform
• • 7.2.1 Introduction to PCs
• • 7.2.1.1 Classification of PCs
• • 7.2.1.2 Basic Principle of PCs
• • 7.2.2 Characteristics of Chalcogenide PCs
• • 7.2.2.1 Characteristics of Chalcogenide Materials
• • 7.2.2.2 Advantages of Chalcogenide PCs
• • 7.2.3 Preparation Process of the Chalcogenide PC Platform
• • 7.2.3.1 Preparation Process of One-Dimensional Chalcogenide PC Platforms
• • 7.2.3.2 Preparation Process of Two-Dimensional Chalcogenide PC Platforms
• • 7.2.3.3 Preparation Process of Three-Dimensional Chalcogenide PC Platforms
• • 7.3 Applications
• • 7.3.1 Chalcogenide PCFs
• • 7.3.2 Chalcogenide PC Cavity
• • 7.3.3 Chalcogenide PCWs
• • 7.3.4 Chalcogenide Topological PCs
• • 7.4 Discussions

Chapter 8: Chalcogenide Metamaterials

• • 8.1 Introduction
• • 8.2 Chalcogenide Metamaterials Platform
• • 8.3 Applications
• • 8.3.1 Chalcogenide Optical Switches
• • 8.3.2 Chalcogenide Perfect Absorbers
• • 8.3.3 Chalcogenide Beam Steering
• • 8.3.3.1 Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction
• • 8.3.3.2 Classification of Chalcogenide Beam Control
• • 8.3.4 Chalcogenide Metalens
• • 8.3.4.1 Basics of Metalens
• • 8.3.4.2 Chalcogenide Metalens
• • 8.3.5 Chalcogenide Chiral and Non-chiral Metamaterials
• • 8.3.5.1 Chirality
• • 8.3.5.2 Applications of Chalcogenide Chiral Metamaterials
• • 8.3.5.3 Applications of Chalcogenide Non-chiral Metamaterials
• • 8.3.6 Chalcogenide Polarization Converter
• • 8.3.7 Chalcogenide Optical Tweezers
• • 8.3.7.1 Optical Tweezers
• • 8.3.7.2 Chalcogenide Optical Tweezers
• • 8.4 Discussions

Chapter 9: Perspectives

• • 9.1 Future of Chal