Environment
by David M. Hassenzahl, Mary Catherine Hager, Nancy Y. Gift
10th Edition
Publisher: Wiley
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Book Details
| Print ISBN | 9781119393474 |
| eText ISBN | 9781119393412 |
| Publisher | Wiley |
| Publishing Year | 2018 |
| Edition | 10th Edition |
| Language | English |
| Pages | 576 |
Environment, 10th Edition is a textbook designed to help students relate fundamental principles of environmental science to everyday life. The text introduces core scientific concepts alongside critical examinations of environmental challenges and principles of global sustainability.
Broad areas of study include the functioning of natural ecosystems, the stewardship of natural resources, and the environmental impacts of human development. The volume addresses how human populations interact with the biosphere through discussions of atmospheric systems, terrestrial and water resources, energy consumption, and environmental toxicology.
To support student practice, interactive case studies offer opportunities to apply critical thinking methods to complex real-world environmental problems.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability
- • Human Impacts on the Environment
- • Increasing Human Numbers
- • Development, Environment, and Sustainability
- • Population, Resources, and the Environment
- • Types of Resources
- • Resource Consumption
- • Ecological Footprint
- • The _IPAT_ Model
- • Sustainability
- • Sustainability and the Tragedy of the Commons
- • Global Plans for Sustainable Development
- • Environmental Science
- • Earth Systems and Environmental Science
- • Science as a Process
- • Addressing Environmental Problems
- • Environmental Science in Practice: Lake Washington
Chapter 2: Environmental Laws, Economics, and Ethics
- • A Brief Environmental History of the United States
- • Protecting Forests
- • Establishing and Protecting National Parks and Monuments
- • Conservation in the Mid-20th Century
- • The Environmental Movement of the Late 20th Century
- • U.S. Environmental Legislation
- • Environmental Policy Since 1970
- • Economics and the Environment
- • Strategies for Pollution Control
- • Critiques of Environmental Economics
- • Natural Resources, the Environment, and National Income Accounts
- • Environmental Ethics, Values, and Worldviews
- • Environmental Ethics
- • Environmental Worldviews
- • Environmental Justice
Chapter 3: Ecosystems and Energy
- • What Is Ecology?
- • The Energy of Life
- • The First Law of Thermodynamics
- • The Second Law of Thermodynamics
- • Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- • Case in Point Life Without the Sun
- • The Flow of Energy through Ecosystems
- • Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers
- • The Path of Energy Flow: Who Eats Whom in Ecosystems
- • Case in Point How Humans Have Affected the Antarctic Food Web
- • Ecological Pyramids
- • Ecosystem Productivity
- • Human Impact on Net Primary Productivity
Chapter 4: Ecosystems and the Physical Environment
- • The Cycling of Materials within Ecosystems
- • The Carbon Cycle
- • The Nitrogen Cycle
- • The Phosphorus Cycle
- • The Sulfur Cycle
- • The Hydrologic Cycle
- • Solar Radiation
- • Temperature Changes with Latitude
- • Temperature Changes with the Seasons
- • The Atmosphere
- • Layers of the Atmosphere
- • Atmospheric Circulation
- • The Global Ocean
- • Patterns of Circulation in the Ocean
- • Vertical Mixing of Ocean Water
- • Ocean Interactions with the Atmosphere
- • Weather and Climate
- • Precipitation
- • Tornadoes
- • Tropical Cyclones
- • Case in Point Hurricane Katrina
- • Internal Planetary Processes
- • Earthquakes
- • Volcanoes
Chapter 5: Ecosystems and Living Organisms
- • Evolution: How Populations Change Over Time
- • Natural Selection
- • Modern Synthesis
- • Evolution of Biological Diversity: The Organization of Life
- • Principles of Population Ecology
- • Population Density
- • How Do Populations Change in Size?
- • Maximum Population Growth
- • Environmental Resistance and Carrying Capacity
- • Factors that Affect Population Size
- • Reproductive Strategies
- • Survivorship
- • Metapopulations
- • Biological Communities
- • The Ecological Niche
- • Competition
- • Symbiosis
- • Predation
- • Keystone Species
- • Species Richness in a Community
- • Species Richness, Ecosystem Services, and Community Stability
- • Case in Point Gardens as Ecosystems
- • Community Development
- • Primary Succession
- • Secondary Succession
Chapter 6: Major Ecosystems of the World
- • Earth’s Major Biomes
- • Tundra: Cold Boggy Plains of the Far North
- • Boreal Forests: Conifer Forests of the North
- • Temperate Rain Forests: Lush Temperate Forests
- • Temperate Deciduous Forests: Trees That Shed Their Leaves
- • Grasslands: Temperate Seas of Grass
- • Chaparral: Thickets of Evergreen Shrubs and Small Trees
- • Deserts: Arid Life Zones
- • Savanna: Tropical Grasslands
- • Tropical Rain Forests: Lush Equatorial Forests
- • Vertical Zonation: The Distribution of Vegetation on Mountains
- • Aquatic Ecosystems
- • Freshwater Ecosystems
- • Case in Point The Everglades
- • Estuaries: Where Fresh Water and Salt Water Meet
- • Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 7: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology
- • Human Health
- • Health Issues in Highly Developed Countries
- • Health Issues in Developing Countries
- • Emerging and Reemerging Diseases
- • Influenza Pandemics Past and Future
- • Environmental Pollution and Disease
- • Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification of Environmental Contaminants
- • Endocrine Disrupters
- • Determining Health Effects of Environmental Pollution
- • Identifying Toxic Substances
- • Children and Chemical Exposure
- • Decision Making and Uncertainty: Assessment of Risks
- • Risk Information as a Decision Tool
- • Ecological Risk Assessment
- • Ecological Risk Assessment and Ecotoxicology
- • Case in Point The Ocean and Human Health
Chapter 8: The Human Population
- • The Science of Demography
- • Current and Future Population Numbers
- • Human Migration
- • Demographics of Countries
- • Demographic Stages
- • Age Structure
- • Population and Quality of Life
- • Case in Point Coping with AIDS in Africa
- • Population and Chronic Hunger
- • Economic Effects of Continued Population Growth
- • Reducing the Total Fertility Rate
- • Culture and Fertility
- • The Social and Economic Status of Women
- • Family Planning Services
- • Government Policies, Fertility, and Poverty
- • China and Mexico: Contrasting Population Growth Measures
- • The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Chapter 9: The Urban Environment
- • Population and Urbanization
- • Characteristics of the Urban Population
- • Urbanization Trends
- • The City as an Ecosystem
- • Long-Term Study of Urban Ecosystems
- • Environmental Problems Associated with Urban Areas
- • Environmental Benefits of Urbanization
- • Urban Land-Use Planning
- • Transportation and Urban Development
- • Suburban Sprawl
- • Making Cities More Sustainable
- • Case in Point Curitiba, Brazil
Chapter 10: Energy Consumption
- • Energy Consumption and Policy
- • Energy Consumption
- • Energy Efficiency and Conservation
- • Energy Efficiency
- • Energy Conservation
- • Electricity, Hydrogen, and Energy Storage
- • Electricity
- • Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
- • Energy Storage
- • Energy Policy
- • Four Energy Policy Objectives
- • Climate Energy Policy and Climate Change
Chapter 11: Fossil Fuels
- • Fossil Fuels
- • How Fossil Fuels Formed
- • Fossil Fuels, the Carbon Cycle, and Climate
- • Coal
- • Coal Reserves
- • Coal Mining
- • Safety Problems Associated with Coal
- • Environmental Impacts of the Mining Process
- • Environmental Impacts of Burning Coal
- • Making Coal a Cleaner Fuel
- • Coal and Carbon Dioxide Emissions
- • Oil and Natural Gas Extraction and Consumption
- • Sources and Uses of Oil and Natural Gas Resources
- • Environmental Impacts of Oil and Natural Gas
- • Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
- • Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
- • The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
- • Synfuels and Other Potential Fossil-Fuel Resources
- • Environmental Impacts of Synfuels
Chapter 12: Renewable Energy and Nuclear Power
- • Direct Solar Energy
- • Heating Buildings and Water
- • Solar Thermal Electricity Generation
- • Photovoltaics
- • Indirect Solar Energy
- • Energy From Biomass
- • Wind Energy
- • Hydropower
- • Case in Point The Three Gorges Dam
- • Other Uses of Indirect Solar Energy
- • Other Renewable Energy Sources
- • Geothermal Energy
- • Tidal Energy
- • Nuclear Energy
- • Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy
- • Nuclear Power Plant Safety and Radioactive Waste
- • Case in Point Yucca Mountain
Chapter 13: Water: A Limited Resource
- • The Importance of Water
- • Properties of Water
- • The Hydrologic Cycle and Our Supply of Fresh Water
- • Water Use and Resource Problems
- • Too Much Water
- • Case in Point Flood Control on the Mississippi River
- • Too Little Water
- • Water Problems in the United States and Canada
- • Surface Water
- • Groundwater
- • Global Water Problems
- • Water and Climate Change
- • Drinking-Water Problems
- • Population Growth and Water Problems
- • Sharing Water Resources Among Countries
- • Water Management
- • Providing a Sustainable Water Supply
- • Water Conservation
- • Reducing Agricultural Water Waste
- • Reducing Industrial Water Waste
- • Reducing Municipal Water Waste
Chapter 14: Soil Resources
- • The Soil System
- • State Factors: Soil-Forming Factors
- • Soil Composition
- • Soil Horizons
- • Soil Organisms
- • Nutrient Cycling
- • Soil Properties and Major Soil Types
- • Soil Acidity
- • Major Soil Groups
- • Environmental Problems Related to Soil
- • Soil Erosion
- • Case in Point The American Dust Bowl
- • Nutrient Mineral Depletion
- • Soil Salinization
- • Desertification
- • Soil Conservation and Regeneration
- • Conservation Tillage
- • Crop Rotation
- • Contour Plowing, Strip Cropping, and Terracing
- • Preserving Soil Fertility
- • Soil Reclamation
- • Agroforestry
- • Soil Conservation Policies in the United States
Chapter 15: Mineral Resources
- • Introduction to Minerals
- • Mineral Distribution and Formation
- • How Minerals are Found, Extracted, and Processed
- • Environmental Impacts Associated with Minerals
- • Mining and the Environment
- • Environmental Impacts of Refining Minerals
- • Case in Point Copper Basin, Tennessee
- • Restoration of Mining Lands
- • Minerals: An International Perspective
- • Worldwide Mineral Production and Consumption
- • Mineral Distribution Versus Consumption
- • Evaluating Our Mineral Supplies
- • Increasing the Supply of Minerals
- • Locating and Mining New Deposits
- • Minerals in Antarctica
- • Minerals from the Ocean
- • Advanced Mining and Processing Technologies
- • Using Substitution and Conservation to Expand Mineral Supplies
- • Finding Mineral Substitutes
- • Mineral Conservation
Chapter 16: Biological Resources
- • Biological Diversity
- • Why We Need Organisms
- • Extinction and Species Endangerment
- • Endangered and Threatened Species
- • Where is Declining Biological Diversity the Greatest Problem?
- • Human Causes of Species Endangerment
- • Case in Point Disappearing Frogs
- • Conservation Biology
- • In Situ Conservation: Protecting Habitats
- • Restoring Damaged or Destroyed Habitats
- • Zoos, Aquaria, Botanical Gardens, and Seed Banks
- • Conservation Organizations
- • Conservation Policies and Laws
- • Habitat Conservation Plans
- • International Conservation Policies and Laws
- • Wildlife Management
- • Management of Migratory Animals
- • Management of Aquatic Organisms
Chapter 17: Land Resources
- • Land Use
- • World Land Use
- • Land Use in the United States
- • Wilderness, Parks, and Wildlife Refuges
- • National Parks
- • Wildlife Refuges
- • Forests
- • Forest Management
- • Deforestation
- • Forest Trends in the United States
- • Case in Point Tongass National Forest
- • Trends in Tropical Forests
- • Boreal Forests and Deforestation
- • Rangelands and Agricultural Lands
- • Rangeland Degradation and Desertification
- • Rangeland Trends in the United States
- • Agricultural Lands
- • Wetlands and Coastal Areas
- • Coastlines
- • Conservation of Land Resources
Chapter 18: Food Resources
- • World Food Security
- • Famines
- • Maintaining Grain Stocks
- • Economics, Politics, and Food Security
- • Poverty and Food
- • Food Production
- • Sources of Food
- • The Main Types of Agriculture
- • Challenges of Producing More Crops and Livestock
- • The Effect of Domestication on Genetic Diversity
- • The Global Decline in Domesticated Plant and Animal Varieties
- • Case in Point Grow Appalachia
- • Supplements for Livestock
- • Genetic Modification
- • The Environmental Impacts of Agriculture
- • Solutions to Agricultural Problems
- • Fisheries of the World
- • Problems and Challenges for the Fishing Industry
- • Aquaculture: Fish Farming
Chapter 19: Air Pollution
- • Types and Sources of Air Pollution
- • Major Classes of Air Pollutants
- • Sources of Outdoor Air Pollution
- • Urban Air Pollution
- • Case in Point Efforts to Reduce Ozone in Southern California
- • Effects of Air Pollution
- • Air Pollution and Human Health
- • Controlling Air Pollution in the United States
- • Controlling Air Pollutants
- • The Clean Air Act
- • Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere
- • Stratospheric Ozone Thinning
- • The Effects of Ozone Depletion
- • Facilitating the Recovery of the Ozone Layer
- • Acid Deposition
- • How Acid Deposition Develops
- • The Effects of Acid Deposition
- • Managing Acid Deposition
- • Air Pollution around the World
- • Air Pollution in Developing Countries
- • Case in Point Air Pollution in Beijing, New Delhi, and Mexico City
- • Long-Distance Transport of Air Pollution
- • Indoor Air Pollution
- • Sources and Effects of Indoor Air Pollution
- • Tobacco Smoke and Radon
Chapter 20: Global Climate Change
- • Introduction to Climate Change
- • The Causes of Global Climate Change
- • Pollutants that Cool the Atmosphere
- • Modeling the Future Climate
- • Unpredictable and Extreme Climate Change
- • The Effects of Global Climate Change
- • Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels
- • Case in Point Impacts in Fragile Areas
- • Changes in Precipitation Patterns
- • Effects on Organisms
- • Effects on Human Health
- • Effects on Agriculture
- • International Implications of Global Climate Change
- • Links Among Global Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, and Acid Deposition
- • Dealing with Global Climate Change
- • Mitigation of Global Climate Change
- • Adaptation to Global Climate Change
- • International Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Chapter 21: Water Pollution
- • Types of Water Pollution
- • Sewage
- • Disease-Causing Agents
- • Sediment Pollution
- • Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients
- • Organic Compounds
- • Inorganic Chemicals
- • Radioactive Substances
- • Thermal Pollution
- • Water Quality Today
- • Water Pollution from Agriculture
- • Municipal Water Pollution
- • Industrial Wastes in Water
- • Case in Point Green Chemistry
- • Groundwater Pollution
- • Water Pollution in Other Countries
- • Improving Water Quality
- • Purification of Drinking Water
- • Municipal Sewage Treatment
- • Individual Septic Systems
- • Alternative Wastewater Treatment Systems
- • Laws Controlling Water Pollution
- • Safe Drinking Water Act
- • Clean Water Act
- • Laws that Protect Groundwater
Chapter 22: Pest Management
- • What Is a Pesticide?
- • First-Generation and Second-Generation Pesticides
- • The Major Groups of Insecticides
- • The Major Kinds of Herbicides
- • Benefits and Problems with Pesticides
- • Benefit: Disease Control
- • Benefit: Crop Protection
- • Problem: Evolution of Genetic Resistance
- • Problem: Imbalances in the Ecosystem
- • Problems: Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Biological Magnification
- • Problem: Mobility in the Environment
- • Risks of Pesticides to Human Health
- • Short-Term Effects of Pesticides
- • Long-Term Effects of Pesticides
- • Pesticides as Endocrine Disrupters
- • Alternatives to Pesticides
- • Using Cultivation Methods to Control Pests
- • Biological Controls
- • Pheromones and Hormones
- • Reproductive Controls
- • Genetic Controls
- • Case in Point _BT_, Its Potential and Problems
- • Quarantine
- • The Systems Approach: Integrated Pest Management
- • Irradiating Foods
- • Laws Controlling Pesticide Use
- • Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act
- • Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
- • Food Quality Protection Act
- • The Manufacture and Use of Banned Pesticides
- • Importation of Food Tainted with Banned Pesticides
- • Global Ban on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Chapter 23: Solid and Hazardous Wastes
- • Solid Waste
- • Types of Solid Waste
- • Open Dumps
- • Sanitary Landfills
- • Incineration
- • Composting
- • Waste Prevention
- • Case in Point Drinking Water on College Campuses
- • Reducing the Amount of Waste: Source Reduction
- • Reusing Products
- • Recycling Materials
- • Integrated Waste Management
- • Hazardous Waste
- • Types of Hazardous Waste
- • Case in Point Hanford Nuclear Reservation
- • Management of Hazardous Waste
Chapter 24: Tomorrow’s World
- • Living Sustainably
- • Sustainable Living: A Plan of Action
- • Recommendation 1: Eliminate Poverty and Stabilize the Human Population
- • Recommendation 2: Protect and Restore Earth’s Resources
- • Recommendation 3: Provide Adequate Food for all People
- • Recommendation 4: Mitigate Climate Change
- • Recommendation 5: Design Sustainable Cities
- • Case in Point Durban, South Africa
- • Changing Personal Attitudes and Practices
- • The Role of Education
- • What Kind of World Do We Want?
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