Ethical Theory: An Anthology

Chapter Preface: Preface

Chapter Source Acknowledgments: Source Acknowledgments

Part I: The Status of Morality

• • Introduction to Part I
• • 1. “Of the Influencing Motives of the Will” and “Moral Distinctions Not Derived from Reason”
• • 2. A Critique of Ethics
• • 3. The Subjectivity of Values
• • 4. Ethics and Observation
• • 5. Moral Relativism Defended
• • 6. Cultural Relativism
• • 7. The Subject-Matter of Ethics
• • 8. Ethics as Philosophy: A Defense of Ethical Nonnaturalism
• • 9. Realism

Part II: Moral Knowledge

• • Introduction to Part II
• • 10. Thinking About Cases
• • 11. But I Could be Wrong
• • 12. Proof
• • 13. Moral Knowledge and Ethical Pluralism
• • 14. Coherentism and the Justification of Moral Beliefs

Part III: Why Be Moral?

• • Introduction to Part III
• • 15. The Immoralist’s Challenge
• • 16. Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives
• • 17. A Puzzle About the Rational Authority of Morality
• • 18. Moral Rationalism
• • 19. Psychological Egoism
• • 20. Flourishing Egoism
• • 21. Ethical Egoism
• • 22. Moral Saints

Part IV: Ethics and Religion

• • Introduction to Part IV
• • 23. Euthyphro
• • 24. A New Divine Command Theory
• • 25. God and Objective Morality: A Debate
• • 26. God and Immortality as Postulates of Pure Practical Reason
• • 27. God and the Moral Order
• • 28. God and Morality

Part V: Value

• • Introduction to Part V
• • 29. Hedonism
• • 30. The Experience Machine
• • 31. The Good Life: A Defense of Attitudinal Hedonism
• • 32. Rationality and Full Information
• • 33. Desire and the Human Good
• • 34. What Makes Someone’s Life Go Best
• • 35. What Things are Good?

Part VI: Moral Responsibility

• • Introduction to Part VI
• • 36. Determinism and the Theory of Agency
• • 37. The Impossibility of Moral Responsibility
• • 38. Freedom and Necessity
• • 39. Moral Luck
• • 40. Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility
• • 41. Freedom and Resentment

Part VII: Moral Standing

• • Introduction to Part VII
• • 42. We Have No Duties to Animals
• • 43. All Animals are Equal
• • 44. The Rights of Animals and Unborn Generations
• • 45. On Being Morally Considerable
• • 46. Abortion and Infanticide
• • 47. An Argument that Abortion is Wrong

Part VIII: Consequentialism

• • Introduction to Part VIII
• • 48. Utilitarianism
• • 49. Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism
• • 50. Rule-Consequentialism
• • 51. Alienation, Consequentialism, and the Demands of Morality
• • 52. What is Wrong with Slavery
• • 53. Famine, Affluence and Morality
• • 54. The Survival Lottery

Part IX: Deontology

• • Introduction to Part IX
• • 55. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
• • 56. Kant’s Formula of Universal Law
• • 57. Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems
• • 58. The Rationality of Side Constraints
• • 59. The Golden Rule Rationalized
• • 60. The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of the Double Effect
• • 61. Killing, Letting Die, and the Trolley Problem

Part X: Contractarianism

• • Introduction to Part X
• • 62. Leviathan
• • 63. Why Contractarianism?
• • 64. A Theory of Justice
• • 65. Contractualism and Utilitarianism

Part XI: Virtue Ethics

• • Introduction to Part XI
• • 66. The Nature of Virtue
• • 67. Non-Relative Virtues: An Aristotelian Approach
• • 68. Normative Virtue Ethics
• • 69. Agent-Based Virtue Ethics
• • 70. A Virtue Ethical Account of Right Action
• • 71. Being Virtuous and Doing the Right Thing

Part XII: Feminist Ethics

• • Introduction to Part XII
• • 72. In a Different Voice
• • 73. An Ethic of Caring
• • 74. Justice, Care, and Gender Bias
• • 75. The Need for More than Justice
• • 76. Sexism
• • 77. Feminist Skepticism, Authority, and Transparency

Part XIII: Prima Facie Duties and Particularism

• • Introduction to Part XIII
• • 78. What Makes Right Acts Right?
• • 79. An Unconnected Heap of Duties?
• • 80. An Unprincipled Morality
• • 81. On Knowing the “Why”: Particularism and Moral Theory
• • 82. Unprincipled Ethics