Facial Aesthetics
Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis
by Farhad B. Naini
2nd Edition
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Book Details
| Print ISBN | 9781119510703 |
| eText ISBN | 9781119510758 |
| Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell |
| Publishing Year | 2025 |
| Edition | 2nd Edition |
| Language | English |
| Pages | 512 |
Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis, 2nd Edition, is a reference written by Farhad B. Naini that focuses on facial aesthetic analysis and clinical diagnostic planning. Published by Wiley-Blackwell in 2025, this English-language publication offers structured guidance for assessing patient diagnostic data across the craniofacial complex.
The initial section examines historical evidence alongside philosophical and scientific theories of human beauty to establish theoretical context for clinical aesthetic evaluation. The material details classical facial proportions, the clinical influence and significance of facial expression, and the psychological ramifications associated with facial deformities. Reviewing these foundational principles helps practitioners understand biological, scientific, and psychosocial concepts of human appearance.
Furthermore, smile and dentogingival aesthetic evaluation are integrated directly into the diagnostic framework to support structured analytical workflows. Across its 512 pages, this reference volume provides clinical practitioners with systematic methods for reviewing diagnostic evidence and organizing patient assessment materials.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Facial Beauty
- • Definition of beauty and aesthetics
- • Is beauty ‘in the eye of the beholder’?
- • The enigma of facial beauty
- • Beauty and facial beauty: historical and philosophical perspectives
- • Facial Beauty: Scientific perspectives
- • Importance of facial beauty
- • Striving for form
- • References
Chapter 2: Facial Proportions: Classical Canons to Modern Craniofacial Anthropometry
- • Introduction
- • Ancient Egypt
- • Ancient Greece
- • Ancient Rome
- • The Renaissance
- • The Enlightenment and neoclassicism
- • Twentieth century
- • The golden proportion
- • Conclusion
- • References
Chapter 3: Facial Expression: Influence and Significance
- • Introduction
- • Importance of facial expressions
- • History of research into facial expressions
- • References
Chapter 4: Psychological Ramifications of Facial Deformities
- • Introduction
- • Health and psychosocial well-being
- • Self-image
- • The effect of the response of others on those with facial deformities
- • To treat or not to treat? The controversial debate
- • Body dysmorphic disorder: the delusion of deformity
- • Managing facial deformity in a neurotic-dysmorphic patient
- • Conclusion
- • References
- • Further reading
Chapter 5: Patient Interview and Consultation
- • Introduction
- • Presenting complaint
- • History of presenting complaint
- • Psychosocial history
- • Medical history
- • Danger signals and the ‘problem’ patient
- • Concluding remarks
- • References
Chapter 6: Clinical Diagnostic Records, Natural Head Position and Craniofacial Anthropometry
- • Introduction
- • Radiographs
- • Clinical photographs
- • Clinical videography
- • Study models
- • Serial height measurement
- • Three-dimensional hard and soft tissue imaging
- • The Frankfort Craniometric Agreement and the Frankfort Plane
- • The unreliability of anatomical reference planes
- • Natural head position: the key to diagnosis
- • Choice of horizontal and vertical reference planes
- • Orientation of the patient in natural head position
- • Equipment for digital photography and data storage
- • Patient consent forms
- • Background and lighting
- • Facial views
- • Intraoral views
- • Anthropometric craniofacial surface landmarks
- • References
Chapter 7: Cephalometry and Cephalometric Analysis
- • Introduction
- • Cephalometric landmarks and planes of reference
- • Landmarks, lines, planes and volumes
- • Cephalometric planes of reference
- • Posteroanterior cephalometric radiography
- • Cephalometric analysis and geometric principles
- • Description of dentofacial deformities
- • Sagittal skeletal relationships
- • Sagittal dentoalveolar relationships
- • Vertical skeletal relationships
- • Vertical dentoalveolar relationships
- • Transverse skeletal relationships
- • References
Chapter 8: Facial Type
- • Introduction
- • The fictional conception of the ‘normal’
- • Proportion indices
- • Head type
- • Cephalic index
- • Head circumference
- • Facial type: frontal view (norma frontalis)
- • Facial shape
- • Facial index
- • Facial type: profile view (norma lateralis)
- • Facial divergence
- • Sagittal facial profile contour
- • Parasagittal facial profile contour
- • Facial curves and curvilinear relationships
- • Curvilinear relationships – frontal and profile views
- • Angularity of facial contour lines
- • Facial profile curves and ‘S-shaped’ curvilinear considerations
- • Contour defects
- • Sexual variation: the main differences between male and female faces
- • ‘Ethnic’ variation: considerations in facial aesthetic evaluation
- • Historical background
- • Considerations in facial aesthetic evaluation
- • Clinical implications
- • Facial ageing
- • Current understanding, controversies and future research
- • Recognizing the visible effects of ageing
- • References
Chapter 9: Facial Proposition
- • Introduction
- • Craniofacial height to standing height proportion
- • Vertical Facial Proportions
- • Transverse facial proportions
- • Concluding remarks
- • References
Chapter 10: Facial Symmetry and Asymmetry
- • Introduction
- • Relationship between symmetry and proportion
- • Balance and harmony: a note on terminology
- • Aetiology and classification of facial asymmetry
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Dynamic clinical evaluation
- • Dental midlines
- • Radiographic/cephalometric evaluation
- • Three-dimensional imaging evaluation
- • Craniofacial growth and treatment timing
- • References
Chapter 11: The Forehead
- • Introduction and Terminology
- • Anatomy
- • Clinical evaluation
- • References
Chapter 12: The Orbital Region
- • Introduction
- • Terminology
- • Anatomy
- • Clinical evaluation
- • References
Chapter 13: The Ears
- • Introduction
- • Terminology
- • Anatomy
- • Clinical evaluation
- • References
Chapter 14: The Nose
- • Introduction
- • Terminology
- • Anatomy
- • Nasal type, topography and the subunit principle
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Normative values for nasal dimensions
- • Nasal function
- • References
Chapter 15: The Malar Region
- • Introduction
- • Terminology
- • Anatomy
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Principles in planning the correction of malar deficiency
- • References
Chapter 16: The Maxilla and Midface
- • Introduction
- • Terminology
- • Anatomy
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Maxillary deficiency
- • Maxillary excess
- • Maxillary asymmetry
- • References
Chapter 17: The Lips
- • Introduction
- • Anatomy
- • Terminology
- • Clinical evaluation
- • References
Chapter 18: Mentolabial (Labiomental) Fold
- • Introduction
- • Mentolabial fold (sulcus) depth
- • Mentolabial angle
- • Attractiveness research
- • Vertical position of the mentolabial fold
- • Mentolabial fold morphology
- • References
Chapter 19: The Mandible
- • Terminology
- • Anatomy, morphology and size
- • Sagittal and vertical relationships
- • Mandibular deficiency
- • Mandibular excess
- • Transverse relationships
- • Mandibular asymmetries
- • References
Chapter 20: The Chin
- • Introduction
- • Anatomy
- • Terminology
- • Classification of chin deformities
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Sagittal evaluation and chin projection
- • Sagittal position of hard tissue (skeletal) pogonion
- • Indirect morphological influences on sagittal chin projection
- • Soft tissue chin pad
- • Mentolabial fold and chin pad morphology
- • Dynamic chin pad evaluation
- • Mentalis muscle – anatomy, activity and significance
- • Vertical chin height
- • Transverse chin width
- • References
Chapter 21: Submental-Cervical Region
- • Introduction
- • Anatomy
- • Terminology
- • Aetiology
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Relative submental projection and aesthetics
- • References
Chapter 22: Dental-Occlusal Relationships: Terminology, Description and Classification
- • Introduction
- • Terminology
- • Dental occlusion
- • Classification of dental-occlusal relationships
- • The term ‘Class’ and classification
- • The aetiology of malocclusion
- • Oral health
- • Occlusal function
- • References
Chapter 23: Smile Aesthetics
- • Introduction
- • Clinical evaluation
- • Lip aesthetics
- • Lip lines
- • Upper lip–maxillary incisor relationship
- • Incisor exposure and phonetic analysis
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