Guide to Energy Management, Eighth Edition - International Version

Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy Management

• • 1.0 Energy Management
• • 1.1 The Need for Energy Management
• • 1.2 Energy Basics for Energy Managers
• • 1.3 Designing an Energy Management Program
• • 1.4 Starting an Energy Management Program
• • 1.5 Management of the Program
• • 1.6 Energy Accounting
• • 1.8 Summary

Chapter 2: The Energy Audit Process: An Overview

• • 2.0 Introduction
• • 2.1 Phase One—Preparing for an Energy Audit
• • 2.2 Phase Two—The Facility Inspection
• • 2.3 Implementing the Audit Recommendations
• • 2.4 Summary

Chapter 3: Understanding Energy Bills

• • 3.0 Introduction
• • 3.1 Electric Rate Structures
• • 3.3 Fuel Oil and Coal
• • 3.4 Steam and Chilled Water
• • 3.5 Water and Wastewater
• • 3.6 Monthly Energy Bill Analysis
• • 3.7 Actions to Reduce Electric Utility Costs
• • 3.8 Utility Incentives and Rebates
• • 3.9 Electric Utility Competition and Deregulation
• • 3.10 Summary

Chapter 4: Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Costing

• • 4.1 Introduction
• • 4.2 Costs
• • 4.4 Economic Analysis Using the Time Value of Money: Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
• • 4.5 Discounted Cash Flows: Basics and Single Sum Analyses
• • 4.6 Discounted Cash Flows: Uniform Series
• • 4.7 A Cost Analysis Methodology Using Discounted Cash Flows
• • 4.8 Cost Effectiveness Measures Using Discounted Cash Flows
• • 4.9 Life Cycle Costing
• • 4.10 LCC Decision Making Among Multiple Alternatives
• • 4.11 Taxes and Depreciation
• • 4.12 Inflation
• • 4.13 Energy Financing Options
• • 4.14 Life Cycle Costing software
• • 4.15 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Electrical Distribution Systems

• • 5.0 Introduction
• • 5.1 Basic Electrical Systems in Our Buildings and Facilities
• • 5.2 Some Basic Electrical System Definitions
• • 5.3 Voltages in AC Power Systems
• • 5.4 Phases and Frequencies in AC Power Systems
• • 5.5 Single Phase AC Electrical Systems
• • 5.6 Three-phase AC Electrical Systems
• • 5.7 Three-phase Grounded Wye System
• • 5.8 Basic Relationships of Voltage Current and Resistance
• • 5.9 Electrical Power for DC and Pure Resistive AC Loads
• • 5.10 Ohm’s Law for Power for DC and Pure Resistive AC Loads
• • 5.11 Power in General AC Circuits and Systems
• • 5.12 Power in Single Phase AC Systems
• • 5.13 Power in Three-phase AC Systems
• • 5.14 Reactive Power and Power Factor (or Cos Phi) in AC Systems
• • 5.15 Power Factor or Cos Phi Correction Capacitors
• • 5.16 The Facility Monthly Electric Load Factor
• • 5.17 The Smart Grid

Chapter 6: Lighting

• • 6.0. Introduction
• • 6.1 Components of the Lighting System
• • 6.2 Determining Lighting Needs
• • 6.3 Maintaining the Lighting System
• • 6.4 The Lighting Survey
• • 6.5 Regulatory/Safety Issues
• • 6.6 Identifying Potential EMOs
• • 6.7 Lighting Checklist
• • 6.8 New Technologies and Approaches
• • 6.9 Summary

Chapter 7: Electric Motors and Drives

• • 7.0 Introduction
• • 7.1 Electric Motors
• • 7.2 AC Induction Motors
• • 7.3 Power Input to AC Induction Motors
• • 7.4 Motor Nameplate Data
• • 7.5 Savings from Installing More Efficient Motors
• • 7.6 Rewinding Electric Motors
• • 7.7 Motor Drives to Reduce Motor Speeds
• • 7.8 Using Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
• • 7.9 Centrifugal Fan and Pump Laws
• • 7.10 Using MotorMaster+ for Motor Systems Management
• • 7.11 Summary

Chapter 8: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

• • 8.0 Introduction
• • 8.1 How an HVAC System Works
• • 8.2 Production of Hot and Cold Fluids for HVAC Systems
• • 8.3 Power, Energy and Air-Conditioning
• • 8.4 HVAC System Performance Measures
• • 8.5 Comparing the Three HVAC Performance Measures
• • 8.6 Energy Efficiency Ratings for HVAC System Components
• • 8.7 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating Loads
• • 8.8 Sensible and Latent Heat
• • 8.10 Improving t0he Operation of the HVAC System
• • 8.11 Heat Pipes
• • 8.12 Thermal Storage
• • 8.13 Summary

Chapter 9: Understanding and Managing Boilers

• • 9.0 Introduction
• • 9.1 How boilers work
• • 9.2 Boiler components
• • 9.3 Boiler controls and gauges (from Reference 2)
• • 9.4 Boiler Fuels
• • 9.5 The heat balance for boilers
• • 9.6 Boiler efficiency improvements

Chapter 10: Steam Distribution Systems

• • 10.1 Introduction
• • 10.2 Steam Distribution System Components
• • 10.3 Tracer lines
• • 10.4 Waste Heat Recovery
• • 10.5 Improving the Hot Water Distribution System
• • 10.6 Cogeneration
• • 10.7 Summary

Chapter 11: Control Systems and Computers

• • 11.0 Introduction
• • 11.1 Why Controls Are Needed
• • 11.2 Types of Controls
• • 11.3 Computer Utilization
• • 11.3.1 Blast 3.0
• • 11.3.2 DOE-2.1D
• • 11.4 Summary

Chapter 12: Energy Systems Maintenance

• • 12.0 Introduction
• • 12.1 Overview of a Continuous Improvement Maintenance Program
• • 12.2 Planning
• • 12.3 Monitoring Progress
• • 12.4 Analysis
• • 12.5 Action
• • 12.6 Summary

Chapter 13: Insulation

• • 13.0 Introduction
• • 13.1 Insulation Theory
• • 13.2 Insulation Type
• • 13.4 Summary

Chapter 14: Compressed Air Systems, and Process Energy Management

• • 14.0 Introduction
• • 14.2 Compressed Air Systems
• • 14.3 Steps For Process Improvement
• • 14.4 Examples of Process Energy Improvements
• • 14.5 Twenty-Five Common Energy Management Opportunities

Chapter 15: Renewable Energy Sources and Water Management

• • 15.0 Introduction
• • 15.1 Global Renewable Energy Technology
• • 15.2 Solar Energy
• • 15.3 Solar-Photovoltaics
• • 15.4 Incorporating Solar Features into Building Design—An Example
• • 15.5 Wind Energy
• • 15.6 Biomass and Refuse-Derived Fuel
• • 15.7 Water Management

Chapter 16: Distributed Generation

• • 16.0 Introduction
• • 16.1 The Economics of Distributed Generation
• • 16.2 The Technologies
• • 16.3 Analyzing Your Own Facility for Possible DG Application
• • 16.4 A Case Study
• • 16.5 Case Study Summary

Chapter 17: Web-Based Building Automation Controls and Energy Information Systems

• • 17.1 Introduction
• • 17.2 Building Automation Systems
• • 17.3 Energy Information Systems
• • 17.4 Conclusion

Chapter 18: Creating Green Buildings

• • 18.0 Introduction
• • 18.1 Land Development Practices
• • 18.2 The Concept of Green Buildings
• • 18.3 Comparative Building Energy Performance
• • 18.4 Energy Star Buildings
• • 18.5 Green Construction Materials and Methods
• • 18.6 Rating Systems for Green Buildings
• • 18.7 The LEED-NC Rating System
• • 18.9 Measurement and Verification for LEED Projects
• • 18.10 Green Construction in Schools
• • 18.11 Conclusions

Chapter 19: Green House Gas Emissions Management

• • Introduction
• • Part I—Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy
• • Part II—Measuring and Reporting GHGs
• • Part III—GHG Reduction Fundamentals
• • In Conclusion

Chapter 20: Commissioning for New and Existing Buildings

• • 20.0 Introduction
• • 20.1 Types of Commissioning
• • 20.2 Why Do We Need Existing Buildings Commissioning?
• • 20.3 What Does Existing Building Commissioning Cost?
• • 20.4 Commissioning of Existing Buildings (RCx)
• • 20.5 Getting Started on an Existing Building RCx Project
• • 20.6 An Example RCx Commissioning Project
• • 20.7 DDC Graphics or Configuration
• • 20.8 Recommendations
• • 20.9 Scheduling
• • 20.10 Lower Lobby