Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides

Chapter 1: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides – An Introduction and Scope of Applications

• • 1.1 Introduction
• • 1.2 Classification and Basic Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides
• • 1.3 Application Scope of LDHs and LDOs in Catalytic-Driven Technologies
• • 1.4 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Structure Aspects of Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides: Physicochemical, Optical, and Electronic Properties

• • 2.1 Introduction
• • 2.2 Structure Properties of LDHs and LDOs
• • 2.3 Effect of Synthesis Method and Morphology on the Physicochemical, Electronic, and Optical Properties
• • 2.4 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Catalysts with Controlled Structure Properties

• • 3.1 Introduction
• • 3.2 Fundamentals of Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides
• • 3.3 Synthesis and Strategic Approaches for LDHs and LDOs
• • 3.4 Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Perspectives in Synthesis Techniques
• • 3.5 Conclusion
• • 3.6 Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Catalysts in Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Hydrogen Generation

• • 4.1 Introduction
• • 4.2 Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides
• • 4.3 LDH/LDO-Based Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production by Water Splitting
• • 4.4 LDHs Materials in Photocatalytic Water Splitting H 2 Production
• • 4.5 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting with Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Catalysts

• • 5.1 Introduction
• • 5.2 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
• • 5.3 Layered Double Hydroxides
• • 5.4 Conclusion

Chapter 6: Electrocatalytic Fuel Cells Based on Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides

• • 6.1 Introduction
• • 6.2 Selection Standards to Choose Electrocatalysts, Support, and Their Mechanism
• • 6.3 Layered Double Hydroxides Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells Applications
• • 6.4 Layered Double Hydroxides Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells Applications
• • 6.5 Industrial Perspective of Fuel Cell Technology and the Context of LDHs/LDOs

Chapter 7: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Electrocatalysts for the Generation of Hydrogen

• • 7.1 Introduction
• • 7.2 Structure of LDHs and Their Electrocatalytic Properties for Hydrogen Production
• • 7.3 Types of Metal Oxides and Their Impact on Electrochemical Hydrogen Production
• • 7.4 Water Splitting Mechanism
• • 7.5 Strategies to Develop Catalysts for HER and OER
• • 7.6 LDH Materials for Water Splitting Application
• • 7.7 Recent Development of Metal Oxides for Water Splitting Application
• • 7.8 Other Strategies Counter to HER
• • 7.9 Challenges and Solutions
• • 7.10 Conclusion and Future Perspective

Chapter 8: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides for Energy Storage in Sodium-Ion Batteries

• • 8.1 Introduction
• • 8.2 Layered Double Hydroxides
• • 8.3 Layered Double Oxides
• • 8.4 Conclusion

Chapter 9: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Catalysts in Methane Reforming, Syngas Generation, and Conversion

• • 9.1 Introduction
• • 9.2 Overview of Methane and Syngas Conversion Processes
• • 9.3 Application of LDHs and LDOs in Methane and Syngas Conversions
• • 9.4 Catalysts Stability, Deactivation, and Regenerations
• • 9.5 Industrial Perspective of LDHs and LDOs Catalysts in Methane and Syngas Conversions
• • 9.6 Conclusion

Chapter 10: Layered Double Hydroxide and Oxide Catalysts in Thermocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Chemicals

• • 10.1 Introduction
• • 10.2 Overview of CO 2 Hydrogenation Using LDHs and LDOs
• • 10.3 Thermo-catalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2 Using LDH and LDO Catalysts
• • 10.4 Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Chemicals Using LDH and LDO Catalysts
• • 10.5 CO 2 Hydrogenation Enhancement Strategies
• • 10.6 Conclusions

Chapter 11: Layered Double Hydroxides Catalysts in Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to Chemicals

• • 11.1 Introduction
• • 11.2 Structure and Synthesis of LDH
• • 11.3 LDHs for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction
• • 11.4 Conclusion

Chapter 12: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to Chemicals

• • 12.1 Introduction
• • 12.2 Fundamental Aspects and Challenges of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction
• • 12.3 LDHs as Electrocatalyst for CO 2 Reduction Reaction
• • 12.4 Oxides as Electrocatalyst for CO 2 Reduction Reaction
• • 12.5 Conclusions

Chapter 13: Photo (Electro) Catalytic Fixation of Nitrogen with Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Catalysts

• • 13.1 Introduction
• • 13.2 Benefits and Challenges of Photo (Electro) Catalytic N 2 Reduction
• • 13.3 Mechanistic Aspects of Photo (Electro) Catalytic N 2 Fixation Reactions
• • 13.4 Essential Activity Descriptors for N 2 Fixation
• • 13.5 LDHs and LDOs Catalysts for N 2 Fixation
• • 13.6 LDH Design Strategies for Enhanced Photo (Electro) Catalytic N 2 Fixation
• • 13.7 Conclusions

Chapter 14: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides in Photocatalytic Organic Chemical Conversions

• • 14.1 Introduction
• • 14.2 Mechanisms of LDH-Based Photocatalytic Reaction
• • 14.3 Oxidation Reactions
• • 14.4 Hydrogenation Reactions
• • 14.5 Coupling and Esterification Reactions
• • 14.6 Conclusions

Chapter 15: Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Catalysts for Conversion of Biomass to Chemicals and Fuels

• • 15.1 Introduction
• • 15.2 LDHs Catalysts in Oxidation Reactions
• • 15.3 LDHs Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions
• • 15.4 LDHs Catalysts in Cyclization Reactions
• • 15.5 Reductive Amination
• • 15.6 Catalytic Steam-Reforming of Biomass
• • 15.7 LDHs Catalysts in Catalytic C—C Coupling of Biomass
• • 15.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Chapter 16: Layered Double Hydroxides Photocatalysts for Degradation Organic Pollutants

• • 16.1 Introduction
• • 16.2 Properties and Synthesis of LDHs
• • 16.3 Mechanism of LDH as a Photocatalyst
• • 16.4 LDHs in Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
• • 16.5 Conclusion

Chapter 17: Layered Double Hydroxides and Oxides Catalysts for Fenton and Persulfate-Driven Removal of Organic Wastewater Pollutants

• • 17.1 Introduction
• • 17.2 Advanced Oxidation Processes
• • 17.3 LDHs and LDOs
• • 17.4 Catalytic Mechanisms in Fenton-Like Reactions
• • 17.5 Catalytic Mechanisms in Persulfate Activation
• • 17.6 Comparative Analysis of LDHs and LDOs in Fenton and Persulfate Reactions
• • 17.7 Applications in Organic Pollutant Removal
• • 17.8 Challenges and Future Perspectives
• • 17.9 Innovations in LDH/LDO Design for Enhanced Catalysis
• • 17.10 Prospects for Integrating LDHs/LDOs with Other Treatment Technologies
• • 17.11 Conclusion

Chapter 18: Layered Double Hydroxide and Oxide Catalysts for Remediation of Gaseous Air Pollutants

• • 18.1 Introduction
• • 18.2 Overview of LDHs and Oxide Catalysts
• • 18.3 Evolution of Catalysts for Air Pollution Control
• • 18.4 Gaseous Air Pollutants
• • 18.5 Mechanisms of Catalytic Remediation
• • 18.6 Applications and Performance Evaluation of LDH Catalysts
• • 18.7 Challenges and Future Directions
• • 18.8 Conclusion

Chapter 19: Layered Double Hydroxide Adsorbents for Removal of Metal Ions from Water Contaminants