Metals as Clean Fuels

Chapter 1: How Metal Fuels Work

• • 1.1 Overview
• • 1.2 Why use metals as clean fuels
• • 1.3 A key challenge with metal fuels
• • 1.4 Working principle of batteries
• • 1.5 Working principle of dry metal fuels
• • 1.6 Working principle of wet metal fuels
• • References

Chapter 2: Activation of Metal Fuels

• • 2.1 Overview
• • 2.2 Chemical activation of metal fuels using catalysts
• • 2.3 Chemical activation of metal fuels using reaction promotors
• • 2.4 Activation of metal fuels by nanostructuring
• • 2.5 Thermal activation of metal fuels and their drawbacks
• • References

Chapter 3: Fundamentals of Dealloying

• • 3.1 Overview
• • 3.2 Nanoporosity formation via a spinodal decomposition pathway
• • 3.3 Background and current state of the field
• • 3.4 Chemical and electrochemical reaction mechanisms in dealloying
• • References

Chapter 4: Monolithic Bulk Nanoporous Zinc by Free Corrosion Dealloying

• • 4.1 Overview
• • 4.2 Fundamental barriers to the synthesis of nanoporous zinc by dealloying
• • 4.3 Chemical reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of nanoporous zinc by free corrosion dealloying
• • 4.4 Synthesis of metastable Zn 20 Al 80 at. % parent alloy
• • 4.5 Synthesis of monolithic bulk nanoporous Zn by free corrosion dealloying
• • 4.6 Enhanced reactivity of monolithic nanoporous Zn fuel with water as the oxidizer
• • 4.7 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 5: Rapid Synthesis of Nanoporous Zinc in Powder Form by Free Corrosion Dealloying

• • 5.1 Overview
• • 5.2 Dealloyed nanoporous systems
• • 5.3 Experimental methods
• • 5.4 Nanoporous zinc powder by free corrosion dealloying
• • 5.5 Enhanced reactivity of nanoporous Zn powder fuel with water as the oxidizer
• • 5.6 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 6: Monolithic Bulk Nanoporous Aluminum by Air-Free Electrolytic Dealloying with Recovery of Sacrificial Materials

• • 6.1 Overview
• • 6.2 Experimental methods
• • 6.3 Characterization of the Al 30 Mg 70 parent alloy
• • 6.4 Synthesis and characterization of monolithic bulk nanoporous Al by Air-free electrolytic dealloying with recovery of sacrificial Mg
• • 6.5 Enhanced reactivity of monolithic nanoporous Al fuel with water as the oxidizer
• • 6.6 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 7: Rapid Synthesis of Nanoporous Aluminum Powder by Air-Free Electrolytic Dealloying with Recovery of Sacrificial Materials

• • 7.1 Overview
• • 7.2 Rapid synthesis of nanoporous Al powder by Air-free electrolytic dealloying with recovery of sacrificial Mg
• • 7.3 Enhanced reactivity of nanoporous Al powder fuel with water as the oxidizer
• • 7.4 Complete conversion of NP-Al into hydrogen gas, Al(OH)3, and heat
• • 7.5 Conversion of Al(OH)3 into activated alumina η-Al 2 O 3 with high specific surface area
• • 7.6 Search for new electrolytes for the fabrication of ultrafine nanoporous Al
• • 7.7 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 8: Nanoporous tri-layer of similar elements by etching without sacrificing materials through the Kirkendall effect

• • 8.1 Overview
• • 8.2 Nanoporous layers and Kirkendall effect
• • 8.3 Experimental methods
• • 8.4 Results and Discussion
• • 8.5 Conclusions
• • Appendix 8.A
• • References

Chapter 9: Nanoporous tri-layer of dissimilar elements by etching without sacrificing materials through the Kirkendall effect

• • 9.1 Overview
• • 9.2 Dissimilar nanoporous metal layers
• • 9.3 Experimental methods
• • 9.4 Results and Discussion
• • 9.5 Conclusions
• • Appendix 9.A
• • References

Chapter 10: Porous structures and their geometric and topological characteristics

• • 10.1 Overview
• • 10.2 Structural analysis
• • 10.3 Integral geometry: Theory
• • 10.4 Integral geometry in practice
• • 10.5 Topology of periodic porous structures
• • 10.6 Topology of aperiodic porous structures
• • 10.7 Conclusions
• • Appendix 10.A Noise and artefacts
• • Appendix 10.B Algorithm
• • Appendix 10.C Programming example (Fortran 90)
• • References