Molecule and Ion Transport through Polymer Membranes
by Yong Soo Kang
1st Edition
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
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Book Details
| Print ISBN | 9783527353835 |
| eText ISBN | 9783527846986 |
| Publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| Publishing Year | 2026 |
| Edition | 1st Edition |
| Language | English |
| Pages | 400 |
Written by Yong Soo Kang, Molecule and Ion Transport through Polymer Membranes, 1st Edition, offers an in-depth treatment of molecular and ionic transport phenomena across polymeric media. This book establishes a systematic framework for developing new polymeric materials based on fundamental principles such as Fick's law and solution-diffusion mechanics.
The text organizes core transport concepts into clear thematic modules. It presents free volume theory alongside diffusion and migration phenomena to describe kinetic movement. Furthermore, the volume examines facilitated transport in the solid state while providing detailed analyses of dual sorption models that govern penetrant behavior within glassy polymers during active transport processes.
By framing physical principles around practical material development, the work fills a clear instructional need for advanced research and technical implementation. It provides targeted value for polymer chemists, process engineers, membrane scientists, and chemical engineers focused on predicting and controlling penetrant flux through membrane systems.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Overview of Molecule and Ion Transport Through Polymer Membranes
- • 1.1 Molecule Transport
- • 1.2 Ion Transport
- • 1.3 Similarities and Differences Between Molecule and Ion Transport
- • 1.3.1 Free Volume Theory
- • 1.3.2 Facilitated Transport in the Solid State
- • 1.3.3 Diffusion and Migration
- • 1.3.4 Transport Parameters and Electroneutrality
- • 1.4 Overview of Molecule and Ion Transport Through Polymer Membranes
- • 1.4.1 Fundamentals on Polymeric Materials
- • 1.4.2 Part 1: Molecule Transport Through Polymer Membranes
- • 1.4.3 Part 2: Ion Transport Through Polymer Membranes
- • References
Chapter 2: Introduction to Polymeric Materials
- • 2.1 Interactions of Polymer with Solvent and Polymer Solution
- • 2.1.1 Flory–Huggins Lattice Theory
- • 2.1.2 Solubility Parameter Approach
- • 2.1.3 Limitations and Modifications of Flory–Huggins Theory
- • 2.2 Phase Diagram and Phase Separation
- • 2.2.1 Phase Diagram
- • 2.2.2 Phase Separation
- • 2.3 Rubbery and Glassy Polymers
- • 2.3.1 Rubbery vs Glassy Polymers
- • 2.3.2 Glass Transition Temperature
- • 2.3.3 Theories for Glass Transition Temperatures
- • 2.4 Nonequilibrium Features of Glassy Polymers
- • 2.4.1 Nonequilibrium Features of Glassy Polymers and Physical Aging
- • 2.4.2 Characterization of Sub-glass Transitions by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
- • 2.5 Free Volume Theory and Applications
- • 2.5.1 Free Volume Theory
- • 2.5.2 Applications of Free Volume Theory
- • 2.5.3 Measurement of Free Volume
- • 2.6 Crystalline Polymers
- • 2.6.1 Crystal Structures
- • 2.6.2 Crystallization Kinetics and the Degree of Crystallinity
- • 2.7 Polymer Blends
- • 2.8 Viscoelastic and Mechanical Properties
- • 2.8.1 Viscoelastic Properties
- • 2.8.2 Stress–Strain Behavior
- • References
Chapter 3: Molecule Transport Through Polymer Membranes
- • 3.1 Fick’s Law and Solution-diffusion Mechanism
- • 3.2 Sorption and Permeation Features in a Slab
- • 3.2.1 Transient Sorption
- • 3.2.2 Transient Permeation
- • 3.3 Diffusion Through Polymers
- • 3.3.1 Constant Diffusion Coefficient
- • 3.3.2 Concentration-dependent Diffusion Coefficient
- • 3.3.3 Temperature-dependent Diffusion and Theories for Activation Energy
- • 3.3.4 Diffusion in Crystalline Polymers
- • 3.4 Statistical View of Diffusion Coefficient
- • 3.5 Free Volume Theory for Diffusion
- • 3.5.1 Free Volume in Polymers
- • 3.5.2 Theory of Cohen and Turnbull
- • 3.5.3 Theory of Fujita
- • 3.5.4 Theory of Miyamoto and Shibayama, and Vrentas and Duda
- • 3.5.5 Temperature- and Concentration-dependent Diffusion Coefficients
- • 3.5.6 Advantages and Limitations of Free Volume Theory
- • 3.5.7 Measurement and Estimation of Free Volume and d -spacing
- • 3.6 Sorption in Polymers
- • 3.6.1 Thermodynamic View of Sorption
- • 3.6.2 Sorption of Permanent Gases in Polymers
- • 3.6.3 Sorption of Condensable Gas and Vapor in Rubbery Polymers
- • 3.6.4 Sorption of Condensable Gas and Vapor in Glassy Polymers: Dual Sorption Model
- • 3.6.5 Temperature-dependent Sorption
- • 3.6.6 Sorption in Crystalline Polymers
- • 3.7 Permeation Through Polymers
- • 3.7.1 Structure–Properties Relationships for Gas Permeation
- • 3.7.2 Gas Permeation in Polymers with Extremely Stiff Chains and High Free Volume
- • 3.7.3 Effects of Free Volume or d-spacing on Permeation
- • 3.7.4 Temperature-dependent Permeation
- • 3.7.5 Gas Permeation Through Crystalline Polymers
- • 3.8 Mathematical Models for Transient Sorption and Permeation Through Glassy Polymers and Composite Membranes
- • 3.8.1 Transient Sorption and Permeation for a Glassy Slab
- • 3.8.2 Transient Sorption for a Glassy Sphere
- • 3.8.3 Time-dependent Surface Concentration
- • 3.8.4 Transient Sorption for a Composite Film
- • 3.9 Transient Sorption of Organic Vapor in Polymers
- • 3.9.1 Transient Sorption of Organic Vapor in Rubbery Polymers
- • 3.9.2 Transient Sorption of Organic Vapor in Glassy Polymers
- • 3.9.3 Transient Sorption of Organic Vapor in Composite Membranes
- • 3.10 Mass Transport Overview: Fickian vs non-Fickian Behavior
- • References
Chapter 4: Facilitated Transport Phenomena in the Solid State
- • 4.1 Facilitated Transport in the Liquid State and the Solid State
- • 4.2 Mathematical Models for Facilitated Transport in the Solid State
- • 4.2.1 Dual-mode Transport Model
- • 4.2.2 Effective Diffusion Coefficient Model
- • 4.2.3 Limited Chain Mobility Model
- • 4.2.4 Concentration Fluctuation Model
- • 4.3 Concentration Fluctuation Model vs Direct Hopping Models
- • 4.4 Facilitated Oxygen Transport
- • 4.4.1 Reversible Oxygen Solubility
- • 4.4.2 Kinetics of Reversible Interactions
- • 4.4.3 Facilitated Oxygen Transport
- • 4.5 Facilitated Olefin Transport
- • 4.5.1 Metallic Ion Carriers
- • 4.5.2 Surface-activated Metallic Nanoparticular Carriers
- • 4.6 Facilitated CO2 Transport in Solid and Quasi-solid States
- • 4.6.1 Interactions of CO2 with Lewis Bases and Acids in Aqueous Solution
- • 4.6.2 Polymer Membranes with Lewis Bases
- • 4.6.3 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes with Lewis Acids
- • 4.6.4 Polymer Membranes with Ionic Liquids
- • 4.6.5 Surface-activated Metallic Nanoparticle
- • 4.7 Challenges and Prospects
- • References
Chapter 5: Selective Transport Membranes
- • 5.1 Definitions of Permeability and Selectivity
- • 5.2 Overview for Separation Performance of Gas Mixtures
- • 5.3 Theoretical Basis for Relationship Between Permeability and Selectivity (Upper-bound Curves)
- • 5.4 Polymeric Structure–Properties Relationship
- • 5.4.1 Polymers with Flexible Chains and High Free Volume
- • 5.4.2 Ductile and Tough Glassy Polymers
- • 5.4.3 Polymers with Extremely Stiff Chains and High Free Volume
- • 5.4.4 Emerging Polymer Materials
- • 5.5 Time-dependent Separation Performance: Physical Aging and Plasticization Effects in Glassy Polymers
- • 5.5.1 Physical Aging and Permeability Changes
- • 5.5.2 Physical Aging and Plasticization with Highly Sobule Diluents
- • 5.6 Facilitated Transport Membranes in the Solid and Quasi-solid States
- • 5.7 Oxygen Separation with Facilitated Transport Membranes
- • 5.8 Olefin Separation with Facilitated Transport Membranes
- • 5.8.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Metallic Ion Carriers
- • 5.8.2 Surface-activated Metallic Nanoparticle Carriers
- • 5.9 Carbon Dioxide Separation with Facilitated Transport Membranes
- • 5.9.1 Polymer Membranes with Lewis Bases
- • 5.9.2 Polymer Membranes with Lewis Acids
- • 5.9.3 Polymer Membranes with Ionic Liquids (ILs)
- • 5.9.4 Bicontinuous Structures Including Ion Exchange Membranes
- • 5.9.5 Effects of Water in Quasi-solid Membranes
- • References
Chapter 6: Measurement of Molecule Transport Properties
- • 6.1 Definitions of Diffusion Coefficient, Solubility Coefficient, and Permeability
- • 6.2 Permeation and Sorption Features in a Slab Membrane
- • 6.3 Permeation Method for a Slab Membrane: Manometric and Time-lag Methods
- • 6.3.1 Theoretical Backgrounds
- • 6.3.2 Experimental Methods for Permeation
- • 6.4 Sorption Method for a Slab Membrane: Gravimetric Methods
- • 6.4.1 Theoretical Backgrounds
- • 6.4.2 Experimental Methods for Transient Sorption
- • 6.4.3 Experimental Methods for Equilibrium Sorption
- • 6.5 Concentration-dependent Diffusion Coefficient
- • 6.6 Variable Surface Concentration
- • 6.7 Sorption in a Sphere
- • 6.8 Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG)-NMR for Diffusion Coefficient
- • References
Chapter 7: Applications of Selective Transport Membranes
- • 7.1 Structure and Transport Through Composite Membranes
- • 7.2 Mathematical Model for Composite Membranes: Resistance Model
- • 7.3 Fabrication of Composite Membranes
- • 7.3.1 Thermally Induced Phase Separation
- • 7.3.2 Nonsolvent-induced Phase Separation
- • 7.4 Structures and Mass Transport in Modules
- • 7.4.1 Structures of Representative Membrane Modules
- • 7.4.2 Membrane Modules for Gas Separation
- • 7.5 Applications of Gas Transport Membranes
- • 7.5.1 Hydrogen Separation
- • 7.5.2 Oxygen/Nitrogen Separation
- • 7.5.3 Carbon Dioxide Separation
- • 7.5.4 Olefin/Paraffin Separation
- • 7.6 Conclusions and Future Directions
- • 7.6.1 Established Processes
- • 7.6.2 Developing Processes
- • 7.6.3 Emerging Processes
- • References
Chapter 8: Basic Electrochemistry for Ion Transport
- • 8.1 Electrochemical Devices and Key Terminologies
- • 8.1.1 Reduction vs Oxidation
- • 8.1.2 Galvanic Cells vs Electrolytic Cells
- • 8.1.3 Cathode vs Anode and Positive Electrode vs Negative Electrode
- • 8.1.4 Charge Transport vs Charge Transfer
- • 8.1.5 Electric Potential vs Electric Energy
- • 8.2 Electric Potential
- • 8.2.1 Electrode Potential
- • 8.2.2 Standard Electrode Potential
- • 8.2.3 Concentration-dependent Electrical Potential: Nernst Equation
- • 8.3 Electrochemical Redox Reactions and Charge Transfer Kinetics
- • 8.3.1 Electrochemical Redox Reaction Kinetics
- • 8.3.2 Current–Voltage Relationship: The Butler–Volmer Equation
- • 8.3.3 Tafel Plot
- • 8.4 Interfacial Charge Transfer Through Electric Double Layer
- • 8.4.1 Electric Double Layer
- • 8.4.2 Charge Transfer Through Electric Double Layer
- • 8.5 Transport of Charged Species and Electric Current
- • 8.5.1 Electrochemical Potential
- • 8.5.2 Transport of Charged Species: Diffusion, Migration, and Convection
- • 8.5.3 Electric Current Density
- • 8.5.4 Ion Conductivity, Transport, and Transference Numbers
- • References
Chapter 9: Polymer Electrolytes
- • 9.1 Definitions of Ion Conductivity, Mobility, and Transport Numbers
- • 9.2 Formation of Polymer Electrolyte to Generate Charge Carriers
- • 9.2.1 Thermodynamics for Formation of Polymer Electrolytes
- • 9.2.2 Generation of Free Charge Carriers
- • 9.3 Polymeric Chain Mobility and Glass Transition Temperature
- • 9.4 Mechanism of Ionic Transport
- • 9.4.1 Free Volume Model
- • 9.4.2 Conformational Entropy Model
- • 9.4.3 Dynamic Bond Percolation Model
- • 9.4.4 Anderson and Stuart Model
- • 9.5 Ionic Conduction and Transport Number Through Polymer Electrolytes
- • 9.5.1 Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on PEO
- • 9.5.2 Emerging Polymeric Solvents
- • 9.5.3 Polymer-in-Salts: Novel Approach
- • 9.5.4 Nanocomposites
- • 9.5.5 Transport Number
- • 9.6 Temperature Dependence of Ionic Transport
- • 9.6.1 Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher Equation
- • 9.6.2 Williams-Landal-Ferry Equation and Master Curves
- • 9.7 Interfacial Charge Transfer Between SPE and Electrode
- • 9.8 Prospects of Polymer Electrolytes
- • References
Chapter 10: Ion-exchange Membranes
- • 10.1 Definitions of Ion Conductivity, Transport Number, and Permselectivity
- • 10.2 Ion Transport Through Water and Heterocycles
- • 10.2.1 H+ and OH− Ion Transport Mechanisms
- • 10.2.2 Proton Conduction Through Heterocycles
- • 10.3 Structures of Ion Exchange Membranes: CEM, AEM, and BPM
- • 10.3.1 Chemical Structure of Cation Exchange Membranes
- • 10.3.2 Chemical Structure of Anion Exchange Membranes
- • 10.3.3 Morphology of Ion Exchange Membranes
- • 10.3.4 Water Absorption and Structural Evolution
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