Spectroscopic Measurement

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

• • 1.1 Spectroscopic Techniques
• • 1.2 Overview of the Book
• • 1.3 How to Use This Book
• • 1.4 Concluding Remarks and Warnings

Chapter 2: A BRIEF REVIEW OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS

• • 2.1 Introduction
• • 2.2 The Maxwellian Velocity Distribution
• • 2.3 The Boltzmann Energy Distribution
• • 2.4 Molecular Energy Distributions
• • 2.5 Conclusions

Chapter 3: THE EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER

• • 3.1 Introduction
• • 3.2 Some Definitions
• • 3.2.1 Geometric Terms
• • 3.2.2 Spectral Terms
• • 3.2.3 Relationship to Simple Laboratory Measurements
• • 3.3 Development of the ERT
• • 3.4 Implications of the ERT
• • 3.5 Photon Statistics
• • 3.6 Conclusions

Chapter 4: OPTICAL ELECTROMAGNETICS

• • 4.1 Introduction
• • 4.2 Maxwell's Equations in Vacuum
• • 4.3 Basic Conclusions from Maxwell's Equations
• • 4.4 Material Interactions
• • 4.5 Brief Mention of Nonlinear Effects
• • 4.6 Irradiance
• • 4.7 Conclusions

Chapter 5: THE LORENTZ ATOM

• • 5.1 Classical Dipole Oscillator
• • 5.2 Wave Propagation Through Transmitting Media
• • 5.3 Dipole Emission
• • 5.3.1 Dipole Emission Formalism
• • 5.3.2 Dipole Radiation Patterns
• • 5.4 Conclusions

Chapter 6: CLASSICAL HAMILTONIAN DYNAMICS

• • 6.1 Introduction
• • 6.2 Overview of Hamiltonian Dynamics
• • 6.3 Hamiltonian Dynamics and the Lorentz Atom
• • 6.4 Conclusions

Chapter 7: AN INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM MECHANICS

• • 7.1 Introduction
• • 7.2 Historical Perspective
• • 7.3 Additional Components of Quantum Mechanics
• • 7.4 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
• • 7.5 Conclusions

Chapter 8: ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY

• • 8.1 Introduction
• • 8.2 The One-Electron Atom
• • 8.2.1 Definition of 𝑉𝑉
• • 8.2.2 Approach to the Schrödinger Equation
• • 8.2.3 Introduction to Selection Rules and Notation
• • 8.2.4 Magnetic Moment
• • 8.2.5 Selection Rules, Degeneracy, and Notation
• • 8.3 Multi-Electron Atoms
• • 8.3.1 Approximation Methods
• • 8.3.2 The Pauli Principle and Spin
• • 8.3.3 The Periodic Table
• • 8.3.4 Angular Momentum Coupling
• • 8.3.5 Selection Rules, Degeneracy, and Notation
• • 8.4 Conclusion

Chapter 9: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

• • 9.1 Introduction
• • 9.2 Diatomic Molecules
• • 9.2.1 Approach to the Schrödinger Equation
• • 9.2.2 Rotation-Vibration Spectra and Corrections to Simple Models
• • 9.2.3 A Review of Ro-Vibrational Molecular Selection Rules
• • 9.2.4 Electronic Transitions
• • 9.2.5 Electronic Spectroscopy
• • 9.2.6 Selection Rules, Degeneracy, and Notation
• • 9.3 Polyatomic Molecules
• • 9.3.1 Symmetry and Point Groups
• • 9.3.2 Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules
• • 9.3.3 Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules
• • 9.3.4 Electronic Structure
• • 9.4 Conclusions

Chapter 10: RESONANCE RESPONSE

• • 10.1 Einstein Coeffcients
• • 10.1.1 Franck-Condon and Hönl-London factors
• • 10.2 Oscillator Strengths
• • 10.3 Absorption Cross-sections
• • 10.4 Band Oscillator Strengths
• • 10.5 Conclusions

Chapter 11: LINE BROADENING

• • 11.1 Introduction
• • 11.2 A Spectral Formalism
• • 11.3 General Description of Optical Spectra
• • 11.4 Homogeneous Broadening
• • 11.5 Inhomogeneous Broadening
• • 11.6 Combined Mechanisms: the Voigt Profile
• • 11.7 A More Exact Spectral Formalism
• • 11.8 Models for pressure broadening
• • 11.8.1 The Modified Exponential Gap model
• • 11.8.2 The Energy Corrected Sudden model
• • 11.9 Line Mixing and the G-equation
• • 11.10 Conclusions

Chapter 12: POLARIZATION

• • 12.1 Introduction
• • 12.2 Polarization of the Resonance Response
• • 12.3 Absorption and Polarization
• • 12.4 Polarized Radiant Emission
• • 12.5 Photons and Polarization
• • 12.6 Conclusions

Chapter 13: RAYLEIGH AND RAMAN SCATTERING

• • 13.1 Introduction
• • 13.2 Polarizability
• • 13.3 Classical Molecular Scattering
• • 13.4 Rayleigh Scattering
• • 13.5 Raman Scattering
• • 13.5.1 Placzek-Teller theory
• • 13.5.2 Vibrational Raman scattering
• • 13.5.3 Rotational Raman scattering
• • 13.5.4 Raman Flowfield Measurements
• • 13.6 Conclusions

Chapter 14: THE DENSITY MATRIX EQUATIONS

• • 14.1 Introduction
• • 14.2 Development of the DME
• • 14.3 Interaction with an Electromagnetic Field
• • 14.4 Multiple Levels and Polarization in the DME
• • 14.5 Two-level DME in the Steady-state Limit
• • 14.6 Conclusions

Chapter 15: COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

• • 15.1 Introduction
• • 15.2 Introduction to Nonlinear Optics and CARS
• • 15.3 Phase Matching
• • 15.4 Spectral Treatment for PCARS
• • 15.4.1 The Linear Susceptibility
• • 15.4.2 The Second-Order Terms
• • 15.4.3 The Third-Order Susceptibility
• • 15.5 Time Domain Treatment for PCARS
• • 15.6 An example: fs/ps rotational CARS
• • 15.7 Perspectives
• • 15.8 Conclusions