Speech and Voice Science

Name: Speech and Voice Science
Price: 129.95 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9781635503227

by Alison Behrman

4th Edition

Publisher: Plural Publishing, Inc.

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Speech-Language Pathology

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Book Details

Print ISBN	9781635503227
eText ISBN	9781635503234
Publisher	Plural Publishing, Inc.
Publishing Year	2021
Edition	4th Edition
Language	English
Pages	500

Speech and Voice Science, 4th Edition, is a textbook that examines how both the voice source and the vocal tract contribute to speech production. It serves students of speech-language pathology at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels, as well as research scientists.

Core areas of coverage include the physical foundations of motion and acoustics, respiratory and phonatory mechanics, and the production and perception of speech sounds. The volume also addresses suprasegmental prosody and dialectical variations in vowel and consonant articulation.

Instructors use the textbook across undergraduate and graduate courses in speech science, acoustic phonetics, and voice disorders. Clinical application is integrated throughout the text, featuring fourteen clinical cases that help students practice applying scientific principles to clinical situations.

Chapter 1: Introduction
- • 1.1 The Clinical Usefulness of Speech and Voice Science
- • Scenario 1
- • Scenario 2
- • Scenario 3
- • 1.2 Defining Speech Science
- • 1.3 Advice for Students on Effective Study Techniques
- • Study as Though You Are Having a Test Every Week
- • Study With a Partner or Group
- • Reach Beyond Memorization to Understand the Material
- • Administer Self-Exams
- • Stay Mindfully Present in Class
- • Don’t Focus Only on the Slides!
- • Read Assignments Before and After Class
- • Use the Study Aids
- • Understand the Reason Why Facts Are Important
- • Create Diagrams and Charts
- • Do Not Rely on Index Cards
- • Talk It Out!
- • Look Over Your Tests and Quizzes for a Pattern of Errors
- • Work It Out!
- • Ask the Instructor
- • Make Sure That Your Study Time Is Focused Without Distractions
- • Don’t Wait Until the End of the Semester to Ask Your Professor for Help!
- • Advice for Synchronous or Asynchronous Online Classes
Chapter 2: Describing and Explaining Motion
- • 2.1 Systems of Measurement
- • 2.2 Describing Motion: Speed, Velocity, Acceleration, and Deceleration
- • 2.3 Newton’s Laws Explain Motion
- • The First Law of Motion
- • The Second Law of Motion
- • The Third Law of Motion
- • 2.4 Momentum and Energy
- • Momentum
- • Energy
- • Energy, Work, and Power
- • Kinetic and Potential Energy
- • 2.5 Three States of Matter
- • Density
- • Elasticity and Stiffness
- • Pressure
- • Units of Measurement of Pressure
- • References
Chapter 3: Sound Waves
- • 3.1 Vibration
- • 3.2 The Nature of Waves
- • Pulse Waves
- • Longitudinal Pressure Waves
- • 3.3 Transfer of Energy in Waves
- • 3.4 Visualizing a Sound Wave
- • 3.5 Properties of Sound Waves
- • Frequency
- • Period
- • Intensity
- • Wavelength
- • Speed of Sound
- • 3.6 The Perception of Sound Waves
- • Perception of Intensity
- • Perception of Frequency
- • 3.7 Pure and Complex Tones
- • Power Spectra
- • Noise
- • 3.8 Behavior of Sound Waves
- • Interference
- • Boundaries
- • Reflection
- • 3.9 Resonance
- • Natural Resonant Frequency
- • Standing Wave Patterns
- • Rules Governing Standing Waves
- • Forced Vibration
- • Acoustic Resonators
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 4: Breathing
- • Clinical Case 1: Breath-Holding Speech
- • 4.1 Introduction
- • 4.2 Respiration
- • 4.3 Balloons or Boyle’s Law?
- • 4.4 Anatomy of the Lower Airway
- • The Work of Muscles
- • Agonist-Antagonist Pairs
- • Muscles and Levers
- • The Muscles of Breathing
- • 4.5 The Biomechanics of Breathing
- • The Biomechanics of Tidal Breathing
- • Lung Volumes and Capacities
- • The Biomechanics of Forced Inhalation and Exhalation
- • 4.6 The Biomechanics of Speech Breathing
- • Relaxation Curve and Phonation
- • Running Speech
- • Phrase Breath Groups
- • Adaptation of Speech Breathing to Variable Internal and External Demands
- • Body Type
- • Cognitive-Linguistic Variables
- • Speech Breathing Personality
- • Respiratory Demands
- • 4.7 The Work of Breathing
- • Airway Resistance
- • Laminar and Turbulent Airflow
- • Elastic Resistance
- • Viscosity
- • 4.8 Instrumentation for Measuring Breathing Kinematics
- • Electromyography (EMG)
- • Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography
- • 4.9 Clinical Application: Disorders Related to Breathing
- • Etiologies
- • Symptoms and Characteristics
- • Diagnostic Strategies
- • Therapeutic Approaches
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 5: Phonation I: Basic Voice Science
- • Clinical Case 2: Running Out of Breath
- • 5.1 Overview
- • 5.2 Anatomy of the Larynx
- • Structural Framework
- • Laryngeal Membranes and Cavities
- • Three Functions of the Larynx
- • Laryngeal Muscles
- • Intrinsic Muscles
- • Extrinsic Muscles
- • The Vocal Folds
- • Structural Overview
- • Lamina Propria
- • Mechanical Layers
- • Cricothyroid Joints
- • Cricoarytenoid Joints
- • Blood Supply to the Larynx and Lymphatic Drainage
- • 5.3 Neural Control of Phonation
- • Central Motor Control
- • Peripheral Motor Neural Control and Brainstem Nuclei
- • Peripheral Sensory Control and Brainstem Nuclei
- • 5.4 Theories of Voice Production
- • The Bernoulli Effect
- • The Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory
- • 5.5 Biomechanics of Vocal Fold Vibration
- • Viscoelastic Component
- • Vertical Phase Difference: The Mucosal Wave
- • The Importance of Vocal Fold Closure
- • Glottal Volume Velocity
- • Laryngeal Airway Resistance
- • Phonation Threshold Pressure
- • Phonation Onset
- • 5.6 Biomechanical Stress-Strain Properties of Vocal Fold Tissues
- • 5.7 Physiology of Phonatory Control
- • Fundamental Frequency (ƒo)
- • Natural Resonance of the Vocal Folds
- • Cover-Dominant Vibration
- • Body Plus Cover Vibration
- • Lung Pressure in the Regulation of ƒo
- • Differential Control of ƒo : Evidence From EMG Data
- • Control of Intensity
- • Auditory Feedback of Control of ƒo and Intensity
- • Biomechanical Forces During Phonation
- • 5.8 Voice Quality
- • 5.9 Clinical Application: Disorders Related to Voice Production
- • Etiologies
- • Symptoms and Characteristics
- • Diagnostic Strategies
- • Therapeutic Approaches
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 6: Phonation II: Measurement and Instrumentation
- • Clinical Case 3: Camp Voice
- • 6.1 Measurement of ƒo and Intensity
- • ƒo Measures
- • Intensity Measures
- • Voice Range Profile (VRP)
- • 6.2 Measurement of Phonatory Aerodynamics
- • Airflow and Lung Pressure
- • Vocal Efficiency
- • S/Z Ratio
- • Maximum Phonation Time
- • Phonation Quotient
- • 6.3 Instrumentation for Exploring the Dynamics of the Vocal Folds
- • Stroboscopy
- • High-Speed Laryngeal Imaging
- • Videokymography (VKG)
- • Photoglottography (PGG)
- • Electroglottography (EGG)
- • Open Quotient (OQ), Speed Quotient (SQ), and Contact Quotient (CQ
- • 6.4 Vocal Registers
- • Modal Register
- • Vocal Fry
- • Falsetto
- • Clinical Case 4: Persistent Mutational Falsetto
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 7: The Production and Perception of Vowels
- • Clinical Case 5: Accent Management
- • 7.1 Introduction
- • 7.2 Acoustic Theory of Speech Production
- • Acoustic Characteristics of the Source
- • The Vocal Tract Transfer Function
- • Acoustic Characteristics of Lip Radiation
- • Resonance and Standing Waves
- • 7.3 Vowels
- • Vocal Tract Constrictions and Formant Frequencies
- • First Formant Frequency (F1)
- • Second Formant Frequency (F2)
- • Third Formant Frequency (F3)
- • The Traditional Vowel Quadrilateral
- • Vowel Quality and Articulatory Posture
- • Acoustic Representation of Vowel Quality
- • Resonating Cavities of the Vocal Tract
- • Vowel Formant Normative Data
- • Tense-Lax Vowel Quality and Inherent Duration
- • Rhotacized Vowel Quality
- • Diphthongs
- • Intrinsic Pitch of Vowels
- • 7.4 Language and Dialect Influences on Vowel Production
- • Accentedness — Everyone Has an Accent!
- • 7.5 The Vocal Tract as a Regulator of Intensity
- • Harmonic Structure, Energy Loss, and Near-Periodicity
- • Revisiting the Voice Range Profile
- • Singer’s Formant and Formant Tuning
- • Speaker’s Formant
- • 7.6 Acoustic Filters
- • 7.7 Instrumentation for Measuring Vocal Tract Acoustics
- • Sound Spectrography
- • Narrowband and Wideband Spectrograms
- • Exploring Spectrograms
- • Visualizing Language and Dialectical Vowel Differences
- • Nearly Periodic Voice Source
- • Voiceprints: Voice Science or Science Fiction?
- • Quantitative Spectral Measures
- • Long-Term Average Spectrum
- • Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio
- • Cepstral Measures
- • Inverse Filtering
- • 7.8 Vocal Tract Imaging: Current Research and Future Trends
- • Conventional Radiography (X-rays)
- • Computed Tomography (CT)
- • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- • Ultrasound
- • Clinical Case 6: Ataxic Dysarthria
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 8: The Production and Perception of Consonants
- • Clinical Case 7: Facial Nerve Trauma
- • 8.1 Introduction
- • 8.2 Three Sources of Speech Sounds
- • Coarticulation
- • 8.3 Phonetic Description of Consonants
- • Place of Articulation
- • Manner of Articulation
- • 8.4 Acoustic Representation of Consonants
- • Stops
- • Stop Gap
- • Release Burst
- • Aspiration
- • Voice Onset Time
- • Formant Transitions
- • Released and Unreleased Stops
- • Glottal Stop
- • Fricatives
- • Approximants
- • Glides (Semivowels)
- • Liquids
- • Nasals
- • Vowel Nasalization
- • Affricates
- • 8.5 Clinical Application: Speech Sound Disorders
- • Etiologies
- • Symptoms and Characteristics
- • Diagnostic Strategies
- • Therapeutic Strategies
- • 8.6 Language and Dialect Influences on Consonant Production
- • Accentedness
- • 8.7 Instrumentation and Measurement of Vocal Tract Aerodynamics
- • Intraoral Air Pressure
- • Nasal Airflow and Acoustics
- • Nasal Airflow
- • Nasalance
- • 8.8 Instrumentation for Measuring Articulation
- • X-ray Microbeam
- • Electromagnetic Midsagittal Articulography (EMMA)
- • Optoelectronic Tracking
- • Strain Gauges
- • Electropalatography
- • Clinical Case 6: Articulation Errors
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 9: Prosody
- • Clinical Case 9: Parkinson’s Disease
- • 9.1 Introduction to Prosody
- • 9.2 Basic Building Blocks of Prosody
- • Intonation (ƒo Contour)
- • Timing (Duration and Juncture)
- • Loudness (Intensity Contour)
- • 9.3 Syllabic Stress and Prominence
- • 9.4 Speech Rhythm
- • Temporal Measurement of Rhythm
- • 9.5 Accentedness and Prosody
- • 9.6 In Summary of Prosody
- • Clinical Case 10: Gender-Diverse Speech and Voice
- • References
Chapter 10: Theories and Models of Speech Production
- • Clinical Case 11: Spastic Cerebral Palsy
- • 10.1 Introduction
- • 10.2 Theories and Models
- • 10.3 Theoretical Issues for Consideration
- • Degrees of Freedom
- • Motor Programs
- • Output Targets
- • Serial Ordering and Sensory Feedback
- • Unit of Analysis
- • Coarticulation
- • 10.4 Models of Speech Production
- • Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA)
- • Dynamical Systems
- • Spatiotemporal Organization
- • Connectionist Models
- • 10.5 Investigational Considerations
- • Speaking Task
- • Perturbation Studies
- • Rate
- • 10.6 Motor Learning Principles
- • 10.7 Language and Speech
- • Clinical Case 12: Oral Motor Exercises
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 11: Theories of Speech Perception
- • Clinical Case 13: Visual Feedback
- • 11.1 Introduction
- • 11.2 Topics in Speech Perception
- • Lack of Invariance
- • Unit of Analysis Revisited
- • Lack of Segmentation
- • Perceptual Normalization
- • Specialized Perception of Speech
- • Duplex Perception
- • The McGurk Effect
- • Contextual Effect
- • 11.3 Theories of Speech Perception
- • Updated Motor Theory of Speech Perception
- • Mirror Neurons
- • Acoustic Landmarks and Distinctive Features
- • 11.4 What Babies Can Tell Us About Perception
- • Native Language Magnet Theory-Expanded
- • 11.5 Perception of Speaker Identity
- • Indexical Properties
- • Sex, Gender, and Indexical Properties
- • Accentedness and Indexical Properties
- • Race and Ethnicity and Indexical Propert
- • Clinical Case 14: Auditory Feedback
- • Recommended Internet Sites for Further Learning
- • References
Chapter 12: Instrumentation
- • Donald Finan
- • 12.1 Introduction to Measurement
- • 12.2 Basic Principles of Measurement
- • Error in Measurement
- • Transduction
- • It’s Electric!
- • 12.3 Sensors for Capturing Speech
- • 12.4 Microphones
- • Microphone Designs
- • Microphone Transducer Types
- • Microphone Performance Characteristics
- • Directionality
- • Frequency Response
- • Sensitivity and Dynamic Range
- • Adequate Microphone Performance for Speech Analysis
- • 12.5 Amplification
- • Amplifier Performance Characteristics
- • Gain
- • Dynamic Range
- • Amplifier Compatibility
- • 12.6 Making the Connection
- • 12.7 Recording Environment
- • Ambient Acoustic Noise
- • Electromagnetic Interference
- • 12.8 Data Acquisition: Let’s Get Digital
- • Sampling: Time Representation
- • Quantization: Amplitude Representation
- • Frequency-Based Error: Aliasing
- • Amplitude-Based Error: Quantization Noise and Peak Clipping
- • 12.9 Data Storage
- • 12.10 Balancing Cost, Complexity, and Accuracy in Digital Data Acquisition
- • 12.11 Best Practices for the Use of Instrumentation
- • Sensor Performance and Use
- • Preamplifier Performance and Use
- • Data Acquisition System Performance and Use
- • 12.12 Let’s Wrap This Thing Up!
- • References