Human-Computer Interaction

Chapter 1: Historical Context

• • 1.1 Introduction
• • 1.2 Vannevar Bush’s "As We May Think" (1945)
• • 1.3 Ivan Sutherland’s Sketchpad (1962)
• • 1.4 Invention of the Mouse (1963)
• • 1.5 Xerox Star (1981)
• • 1.6 Birth of HCI — 1983
• • 1.6.1 First ACM SIGCHI Conference (1983)
• • 1.6.2 "The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction" (1983)
• • 1.6.3 Launch of the Apple Macintosh (1984, January)
• • 1.7 Growth of HCI and Graphical User Interfaces
• • 1.8 Growth of HCI Research
• • 1.9 Summary
• • 1.9.1 Other Readings
• • 1.10 Resources

Chapter 2: The Human Factor

• • 2.1 Time Scale of Human Action
• • 2.2 Human Factors
• • 2.3 Sensors
• • 2.3.1 Vision (Sight)
• • 2.3.2 Hearing (Audition)
• • 2.3.3 Touch (Tactition)
• • 2.3.4 Smell and Taste
• • 2.3.5 Other Senses
• • 2.4 The Brain
• • 2.4.1 Perception
• • 2.4.2 Cognition
• • 2.4.3 Memory
• • 2.5 Responders
• • 2.5.1 Limbs
• • 2.5.2 Voice
• • 2.5.3 Eyes
• • 2.5.4 The Brain As a Responder
• • 2.6 Language
• • 2.6.1 Redundancy in Language
• • 2.6.2 Entropy in Language
• • 2.7 Human Performance
• • 2.7.1 Reaction Time
• • 2.7.2 Visual Search
• • 2.7.3 Skilled Behaviour
• • 2.7.4 Attention
• • 2.7.5 Human Error
• • 2.7.6 Outliers
• • 2.7.7 Accidents
• • 2.8 Summary

Chapter 3: Interaction Elements

• • 3.1 Pointing and Selecting
• • 3.2 Keying – Text Input
• • 3.3 Gesture Input
• • 3.4 Hard Controls and Soft Controls
• • 3.5 Control-Display Relationship
• • 3.5.1 Spatial Relationships
• • 3.5.2 CD Gain and Transfer Function
• • 3.5.3 Latency
• • 3.5.4 Property Sensed and Order of Control
• • 3.6 Natural vs. Learned Relationships
• • 3.7 Mental Models and Metaphor
• • 3.8 Modes
• • 3.9 More About Degrees of Freedom
• • 3.10 Mobile Context
• • 3.11 Interaction Errors

Chapter 4: Scientific Foundations

• • 4.1 What is Research?
• • 4.1.1 Research Must Be Published
• • 4.1.2 Citations, References, Impact
• • 4.1.3 Research Must Be Reproducible
• • 4.1.4 Research vs. Engineering vs. Design
• • 4.1.5 The Nature of Research
• • 4.2 What is Empirical Research?
• • 4.3 Research Methods
• • 4.3.1 Observational Method
• • 4.3.2 Experimental Method
• • 4.3.3 Correlational Method
• • 4.3.4 Precision and Relevance in Experimental Methodology
• • 4.3.5 User Study vs. Usability Evaluation
• • 4.4 Observe and Measure
• • 4.4.1 Observation
• • 4.4.2 Measurement Scales
• • 4.5 Research Questions
• • 4.6 Internal Validity and External Validity
• • 4.7 Comparative Evaluations
• • 4.8 Relationships: Circumstantial and Causal
• • 4.9 Research Topics
• • 4.9.1 Ideas
• • 4.9.2 Finding a Topic

Chapter 5: Designing HCI Experiments

• • 5.1 What Methodology?
• • 5.2 Ethics Approval
• • 5.3 Experiment Design
• • 5.4 Independent Variables
• • 5.5 Dependent Variables
• • 5.6 Other Variables
• • 5.6.1 Control Variables
• • 5.6.2 Random Variables
• • 5.6.3 Confounding Variables
• • 5.7 Task and Procedure
• • 5.8 Participants
• • 5.9 Questionnaire Design
• • 5.10 Within-Subjects, Between-Subjects
• • 5.11 Order Effects, Counterbalancing, and Latin Squares
• • 5.12 Group Effects and Asymmetric Skill Transfer
• • 5.13 Longitudinal Studies
• • 5.14 Running the Experiment
• • 5.15 Summary

Chapter 6: Hypothesis Testing

• • 6.1 Utility Software: GoStats
• • 6.2 Analysis of Variance
• • 6.2.1 Why Analyse the Variance?
• • 6.2.2 More Than Two Test Conditions
• • 6.2.3 Post Hoc Comparisons
• • 6.2.4 Between-Subjects Designs
• • 6.2.5 Two-Way Analysis of Variance
• • 6.2.6 Doing an ANOVA with GoStats
• • 6.2.7 Counterbalancing and Testing for a Group Effect
• • 6.3 Chi-square Test
• • 6.4 Test For Normality
• • 6.4.1 Example 1
• • 6.4.2 Example 2
• • 6.4.3 Example 3
• • 6.5 Non-parametric Tests for Ordinal Data
• • 6.5.1 Example 1
• • 6.5.2 Example 2
• • 6.5.3 Example 3
• • 6.5.4 Example 4
• • 6.6 Discussion
• • 6.7 Parametric vs. Non-parametric Tests
• • 6.8 Conclusions

Chapter 7: Modeling Interaction

• • 7.1 Descriptive Models
• • 7.1.1 Delineating a Problem Space
• • 7.1.2 Quadrant Model of Groupware
• • 7.1.3 Key-Action Model (KAM)
• • 7.1.4 Model of Bimanual Control
• • 7.1.5 Three-State Model for Graphical Input
• • 7.2 Predictive Models
• • 7.2.1 Linear Regression Model
• • 7.2.2 Fitts’ Law
• • 7.2.3 Choice Reaction Time
• • 7.2.4 The Keystroke-Level Model
• • 7.2.5 Skill Acquisition
• • 7.2.6 More Than One Predictor
• • 7.3 A Model Continuum Model

Chapter 8: Writing and Publishing a Research Paper

• • 8.1 Conference Papers, Journal Papers
• • 8.2 Parts of a Research Paper
• • 8.2.1 Title
• • 8.2.2 Abstract
• • 8.2.3 Keywords
• • 8.2.4 Introduction
• • 8.2.5 Method
• • 8.2.6 Results and Discussion
• • 8.2.7 Conclusion
• • 8.2.8 References
• • 8.3 Preparing the Manuscript
• • 8.3.1 Formatting
• • 8.3.2 Citations and References
• • 8.3.3 Visual Aids
• • 8.3.4 Writing for Clarity