Low Carbon Energy Technologies in Sustainable Energy Systems

Chapter 1: The role of resource recovery technologies in reducing the demand of fossil fuels and conventional fossil-based mineral fertilizers

• • 1 Introduction
• • 1.1 Urban wastewater and energy resource recovery
• • 1.2 The global demand of P-fertilizers and the need of nutrient recovery
• • 2 Methods for energy and resource recovery
• • 2.1 Anaerobic digestion
• • 2.2 Incineration and co-incineration
• • 2.3 Gasification
• • 2.4 Pyrolysis
• • 2.5 Wet air oxidation
• • 2.6 Supercritical water oxidation
• • 2.7 Hydrothermal treatment
• • 3 Energy recovery
• • 3.1 Biogas
• • 3.2 Bio-hydrogen
• • 3.3 Bio-diesel
• • 4 Nutrients recovery
• • 4.1 Ammonia recovery
• • 4.2 Struvite precipitation
• • 5 Integrated resource recovery in a future smart city
• • References

Chapter 2: Increasing efficiency of mining enterprises power consumption

• • 1 Significance
• • 2 The degree of elaboration of the issue
• • 3 Theoretical part
• • 4 Solution method
• • 5 Discussion of the results
• • 6 Conclusion
• • References

Chapter 3: The contribution of energy crops to biomass production

• • 1 Introduction
• • 1.1 General
• • 1.2 Energy production and demands
• • 1.3 Biomass production
• • 1.4 Biofuel
• • 1.5 Energy crops distribution, contribution, and utilization
• • 2 Biomass conversion to biomass production
• • 3 Conclusions
• • Websites
• • References

Chapter 4: Public attitudes toward the major renewable energy types in the last 5 years: A scoping review of the literature

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Methodology
• • 3 Results
• • 3.1 Attitudes to renewable energy sources in general
• • 3.2 Attitudes to wind energy
• • 3.3 Attitudes to solar energy
• • 4 Discussion and conclusions
• • References

Chapter 5: Understanding willingness to pay for renewable energy among citizens of the European Union during the period 2010–20

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Methodology
• • 3 Results
• • 3.1 Estimations of willingness to pay for renewable energy in European Union
• • 3.2 Factors affecting the willingness or unwillingness to pay for renewable energy
• • 3.3 Methodologies employed in WTP studies
• • 4 Discussion
• • 5 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 6: Linking energy homeostasis, exergy management,and resiliency to develop sustainable grid-connected distributed generation systems for their integration into the distribution grid by electric utilities

• • 1 Introduction
• • 1.1 Climate change and the energy crisis
• • 1.2 Electric power systems (EPS) decentralization for growing environmental threats
• • 1.3 Role of the microgrid
• • 2 Resiliency and energy homeostasis
• • 2.1 Homeostasis-based control systems in the design of SES
• • 3 Grid-tied microgrids with and without energy storage
• • 3.1 Building sustainability in energy systems
• • 3.2 Sustainability performance indicators
• • 3.3 Control methods of EPS
• • 4 Sustainable hybrid energy systems (SHES) as living open systems
• • 4.1 HC system installed in a SHES
• • 4.2 Discussion
• • 5 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 7: Smart energy systems and the need to incorporate homeostatically controlled microgrids to the electric power distribution industry: an electric utilities’ perspective

• • 1 Smart energy systems, energy sustainability, and grid flexibility
• • 1.1 Toward a new electric utilities’ perspective
• • 1.2 Homeostaticity of energy systems
• • 1.3 Climate change and the current energy transition
• • 1.4 Electric power systems’ decentralization
• • 2 Electric power distribution’s decentralization agenda
• • 2.1 Microgrid trends
• • 2.2 Homeostaticity in electric utility-operated microgrids
• • 2.3 Homeostaticity of SHES
• • 3 Homeostaticity in energy systems
• • 3.1 Exergy and energy efficiency
• • 3.2 Role of the electric tariff differentiation
• • 4 Energy homeostasis and homeostatic control strategies
• • 4.1 Discussion
• • 5 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 8: Grid-tied distributed generation with energy storage to advance renewables in the residential sector: tariffs analysis with energy sharing innovations

• • 1 Introduction
• • 1.1 Sustainable energy systems
• • 1.2 The important, albeit not yet fully understood role of energy storage for electric utilities’ power distribution systems
• • 1.3 Case study
• • 2 Deployment of distributed generation systems
• • 2.1 Electricity tariffs
• • 2.2 Criteria A: Customers share the Nth part of generated renewable energy
• • 2.3 Criterion B: Substantial renewable energy supply according to customer merit
• • 3 Analysis on Chilean potential case scenario
• • 3.1 Separate customers’ scenario
• • 3.2 Simulation results
• • 4 Conclusions

Chapter 9: Integrating green energy into the grid: how to engineer energy homeostaticity, flexibility and resiliency in electric power distribution systems and why should electric utilities care

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 How to incorporate energy homeostaticity in electric power systems?
• • 2.1 Thriftiness and resiliency in electric power systems
• • 3 Control engineering design
• • 3.1 Why is energy efficiency (EF) not enough?
• • 3.2 Energy prosumers
• • 3.3 50 kWh battery
• • 3.4 The case with 100 kWh battery
• • 3.5 The case with 150 kWh battery
• • 4 Conclusion
• • Websites
• • References

Chapter 10: Multi energy systems of the future

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Multi energy supply chain
• • 3 Multi forms of energy storage systems
• • 3.1 General
• • 3.2 Forms and key properties
• • 4 Assessment, economic issues, and perspectives
• • 4.1 Technological and economic issues
• • 4.2 Optimization and decision making
• • 5 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 11: Bibliometric analysis of scientific production on energy, sustainability, and climate change

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Data and methodology
• • 2.1 Data
• • 2.2 Methodology
• • 3 Results
• • 3.1 Analysis of publications per year
• • 3.2 Subject area
• • 3.3 Document and source type
• • 3.4 Analysis of the major sources of publication and citation
• • 3.5 Analysis of countries
• • 3.6 Analysis of institutions
• • 4 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 12: Public acceptance of renewable energy sources

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Materials and methods
• • 2.1 Sample size and collection
• • 2.2 Survey questionnaire
• • 2.3 Data analysis
• • 3 Results and discussion
• • 3.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the sample
• • 4 Descriptive analysis and the effect of socio-demographic characteristics
• • 5 Environmental sensitivity
• • 6 Opinions and knowledge about the RES
• • 7 Hypothetic RES installation scenario
• • 8 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 13: Sustainable site selection of offshore wind farms using GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process. Case study: Island of Crete (Greece)

• • 1 Introduction to our work
• • 2 Introduction to the offshore wind energy sector
• • 2.1 Worldwide current status
• • 2.2 The situation in Europe
• • 2.3 The case of Greece
• • 3 Case study—the island of Crete
• • 3.1 Characteristics of the area
• • 3.2 The energy system
• • 4. Methodology
• • 5 Results and conclusions
• • References

Chapter 14: Accounting and Sustainability

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Sustainability and EU strategy
• • 3 Sustainability and the Accounting Profession
• • 4 Sustainable Finance and Circular Economy
• • 5 Conclusions
• • References

Chapter 15: Should low carbon energy technologies be envisaged in the context of sustainable energy systems?

• • 1 Introduction
• • 2 Methods
• • 3 Results
• • 3.1 Low carbon energy: the technological dimension
• • 3.2 Sustainable energy systems: the social dimension
• • 4 Discussion and current research considerations
• • 5 Conclusions and future research orientations
• • 5.1 Challenges of carbon abatement based on energy systems
• • 5.2 Policies and implications
• • References