Motor Learning and Performance

Chapter 1: Introduction to Motor Learning and Performance

• • How Skills Are Studied
• • Why Study Motor Skills?
• • The Science of Motor Learning and Performance
• • Focus on Research 1.1 Paul M. Fitts
• • Focus on Research 1.2 Franklin M. Henry
• • Defining Skills
• • Components of Skills
• • Classifying Skills
• • Measuring Skilled Performance
• • Understanding Performance and Learning
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 2: Processing Information and Making Decisions

• • The Mental Side of Human Performance
• • The Information-Processing Approach
• • Focus on Application 2.1 Intent to Blow Whistle Rule in the NHL
• • Reaction Time and Decision-Making
• • Focus on Research 2.1 Hick’s Law
• • Focus on Application 2.2 Population Stereotypes
• • Focus on Research 2.2 Studying the Expert Advantage
• • Focus on Application 2.3 Cost–Benefit of Anticipating in Sprint Starting
• • Errors in Decision-Making
• • Memory
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 3: Attention and Performance

• • Information-Processing Limitations
• • Focus on Application 3.1 William James on Attention
• • What Is Attention?
• • Attentional Limitations in Stimulus Identification
• • Focus on Research 3.1 A Stroop-Like Effect in Basketball
• • Attentional Limitations in Response Selection
• • Focus on Research 3.2 Distracted-Driving Research
• • Attentional Limitations in Movement Programming
• • Focus on Research 3.3 The Double-Stimulation Paradigm
• • Attentional Focus During Action
• • Decision-Making Under Stress
• • Focus on Application 3.2 Driver Panic and Unintended Acceleration
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 4: Sensory Contributions to Skilled Performance

• • Feedback Processing in Motor Control
• • Sources of Sensory Information
• • Focus on Application 4.1 When Vision Distorts Performance
• • Processing Sensory Information
• • Focus on Application 4.2 Force Escalation Between Siblings
• • Vision and Motor Control
• • Focus on Research 4.1 Blindsight Reveals Dorsal and Ventral Stream Processing
• • Focus on Research 4.2 Gaze Control and the Quiet Eye
• • Audition and Motor Control
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 5: Motor Programs

• • Motor Control of Brief Actions
• • Motor Program Theory
• • Evidence for Motor Programs
• • Focus on Research 5.1 The Henry–Rogers Experiment
• • Focus on Application 5.1 Checked Swings in Baseball
• • Focus on Research 5.2 Initiating a Motor Program
• • Motor Programs and the Conceptual Model
• • Problems in Motor Program Theory: Novelty and Storage
• • Generalized Motor Program Theory
• • Focus on Research 5.3 Invariances and Parameters
• • Focus on Application 5.2 Relative-Timing Biometrics
• • Focus on Application 5.3 The Stereo System Analogy
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 6: Principles of Speed, Accuracy, and Timing

• • Controlling Simple Movements
• • Fitts’ Law
• • Focus on Research 6.1 Fitts’ Tasks
• • Focus on Application 6.1 Trading Off Speed and Accuracy
• • Focus on Application 6.2 Fitts’ Law in Daily Activities
• • Schmidt’s Law
• • Exceptions to Fitts’ and Schmidt’s Laws
• • Applying the Principles: Baseball Batting
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 7: Performance of Complex Movements

• • Differing Approaches to Understanding Coordination
• • The Differential Approach
• • Focus on Application 7.1 The Relative-Age Effect
• • The Ecological Approach
• • Focus on Research 7.1 Head–Arm Coordination in Golf Putting
• • Focus on Application 7.2 Usain Bolt Versus Tyson Gay
• • Focus on Research 7.2 Relative Phase: An Index of Coordination
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 8: Introduction to Motor Learning

• • Concepts and Methods in Research and Application
• • Motor Learning Defined
• • How Is Motor Learning Measured?
• • Focus on Research 8.1 Learning Curves: Facts or Artifacts?
• • Distinguishing Learning From Performance
• • Focus on Application 8.1 Self-Assessments of Learning
• • Transfer of Learning
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 9: The Motor Learning Process

• • Practice, Retention, and Transfer
• • Two Principles of Practice
• • Focus on Research 9.1 The 10,000-Hour Rule Myth
• • Focus on Application 9.1 Learning Versus Performance During Practice
• • Benefits of Practice
• • Retention of Skill
• • Transfer of Skill
• • Focus on Application 9.2 From Esport to Real Sport
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 10: Organizing and Scheduling Practice

• • How the Structure of Practice Influences Learning
• • Distribution of Practice
• • Variability in Practice
• • Focus on Research 10.1 Especial Skills: An Exception to Variable Practice?
• • Focus on Research 10.2 Impact of Shea and Morgan
• • Motivation for Learning
• • Observational Learning and Mental Practice
• • Focus on Application 10.1 Mental Practice in Stroke Rehabilitation
• • Focus on Application 10.2 Practice Distribution Revisited
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 11: Augmented Feedback

• • How Supplemental Feedback Influences Learning
• • Feedback Classifications
• • Functions of Augmented Feedback
• • Focus on Research 11.1 Early Views on How Augmented Feedback Works
• • What Feedback to Give
• • How Much Feedback to Give
• • Feedback Timing
• • Focus on Application 11.1 Physical Guidance in Stroke Rehabilitation
• • Focus on Application 11.2 Physical Guidance in Learning to Swim
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities

Chapter 12: Theoretical Perspectives on Motor Learning

• • Understanding How Learning Occurs
• • Stage Theories
• • Adams’ Closed-Loop Theory
• • Schema Theory
• • Challenge Point Framework
• • Dynamic Pattern Theory
• • Constraints-Based Framework
• • OPTIMAL Theory
• • Summary
• • HK Propel Activities